这段代码工作,并向我发送电子邮件就好:
import smtplib
#SERVER = "localhost"
FROM = 'monty@python.com'
TO = ["jon@mycompany.com"] # must be a list
SUBJECT = "Hello!"
TEXT = "This message was sent with Python's smtplib."
# Prepare actual message
message = """\
From: %s
To: %s
Subject: %s
%s
""" % (FROM, ", ".join(TO), SUBJECT, TEXT)
# Send the mail
server = smtplib.SMTP('myserver')
server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
server.quit()
然而,如果我试图将它包装在这样一个函数中:
def sendMail(FROM,TO,SUBJECT,TEXT,SERVER):
import smtplib
"""this is some test documentation in the function"""
message = """\
From: %s
To: %s
Subject: %s
%s
""" % (FROM, ", ".join(TO), SUBJECT, TEXT)
# Send the mail
server = smtplib.SMTP(SERVER)
server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
server.quit()
我得到以下错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Python31/mailtest1.py", line 8, in <module>
sendmail.sendMail(sender,recipients,subject,body,server)
File "C:/Python31\sendmail.py", line 13, in sendMail
server.sendmail(FROM, TO, message)
File "C:\Python31\lib\smtplib.py", line 720, in sendmail
self.rset()
File "C:\Python31\lib\smtplib.py", line 444, in rset
return self.docmd("rset")
File "C:\Python31\lib\smtplib.py", line 368, in docmd
return self.getreply()
File "C:\Python31\lib\smtplib.py", line 345, in getreply
raise SMTPServerDisconnected("Connection unexpectedly closed")
smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected: Connection unexpectedly closed
有人能告诉我为什么吗?
下面是Python 3的一个例子。X,比2.x简单得多:
import smtplib
from email.message import EmailMessage
def send_mail(to_email, subject, message, server='smtp.example.cn',
from_email='xx@example.com'):
# import smtplib
msg = EmailMessage()
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = from_email
msg['To'] = ', '.join(to_email)
msg.set_content(message)
print(msg)
server = smtplib.SMTP(server)
server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.login(from_email, 'password') # user & password
server.send_message(msg)
server.quit()
print('successfully sent the mail.')
调用这个函数:
send_mail(to_email=['12345@qq.com', '12345@126.com'],
subject='hello', message='Your analysis has done!')
以下仅限中国用户使用:
If you use 126/163, NetEase Mail, you need to set" Client Authorization Password ", like below:
裁判:https://stackoverflow.com/a/41470149/2803344
https://docs.python.org/3/library/email.examples.html#email-examples
只是为了补充答案,以便您的邮件传递系统可以扩展。
我建议有一个配置文件(可以是.json, .yml, .ini等),包含发件人的电子邮件配置,密码和收件人。
通过这种方式,您可以根据需要创建不同的可定制项目。
下面是一个包含3个文件,config, functions和main的小示例。纯文本邮件。
config_email.ini
[email_1]
sender = test@test.com
password = XXXXXXXXXXX
recipients= ["email_2@test.com", "email_2@test.com"]
[email_2]
sender = test_2@test.com
password = XXXXXXXXXXX
recipients= ["email_2@test.com", "email_2@test.com", "email_3@test.com"]
这些项将从main.py调用,它将返回它们各自的值。
函数functions_email.py文件:
import smtplib,configparser,json
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
def get_credentials(item):
parse = configparser.ConfigParser()
parse.read('config_email.ini')
sender = parse[item]['sender ']
password = parse[item]['password']
recipients= json.loads(parse[item]['recipients'])
return sender,password,recipients
def get_msg(sender,recipients,subject,mail_body):
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = sender
msg['To'] = ', '.join(recipients)
text = """\
"""+mail_body+""" """
part1 = MIMEText(text, "plain")
msg.attach(part1)
return msg
def send_email(msg,sender,password,recipients):
s = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.test.com')
s.login(sender,password)
s.sendmail(sender, recipients, msg.as_string())
s.quit()
文件main.py:
from functions_email import *
sender,password,recipients = get_credenciales('email_2')
subject= 'text to subject'
mail_body = 'body....................'
msg = get_msg(sender,recipients ,subject,mail_body)
send_email(msg,sender,password,recipients)
最好的问候!
我建议您使用标准包email和smtplib一起发送电子邮件。请看下面的例子(摘自Python文档)。注意,如果遵循这种方法,“简单”任务确实很简单,而更复杂的任务(如附加二进制对象或发送纯/HTML多部分消息)将很快完成。
# Import smtplib for the actual sending function
import smtplib
# Import the email modules we'll need
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
# Open a plain text file for reading. For this example, assume that
# the text file contains only ASCII characters.
with open(textfile, 'rb') as fp:
# Create a text/plain message
msg = MIMEText(fp.read())
# me == the sender's email address
# you == the recipient's email address
msg['Subject'] = 'The contents of %s' % textfile
msg['From'] = me
msg['To'] = you
# Send the message via our own SMTP server, but don't include the
# envelope header.
s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
s.sendmail(me, [you], msg.as_string())
s.quit()
要将电子邮件发送到多个目的地,您还可以遵循Python文档中的示例:
# Import smtplib for the actual sending function
import smtplib
# Here are the email package modules we'll need
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
# Create the container (outer) email message.
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['Subject'] = 'Our family reunion'
# me == the sender's email address
# family = the list of all recipients' email addresses
msg['From'] = me
msg['To'] = ', '.join(family)
msg.preamble = 'Our family reunion'
# Assume we know that the image files are all in PNG format
for file in pngfiles:
# Open the files in binary mode. Let the MIMEImage class automatically
# guess the specific image type.
with open(file, 'rb') as fp:
img = MIMEImage(fp.read())
msg.attach(img)
# Send the email via our own SMTP server.
s = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
s.sendmail(me, family, msg.as_string())
s.quit()
如您所见,MIMEText对象中的报头To必须是由逗号分隔的电子邮件地址组成的字符串。另一方面,sendmail函数的第二个参数必须是一个字符串列表(每个字符串都是一个电子邮件地址)。
所以,如果你有三个电子邮件地址:person1@example.com, person2@example.com和person3@example.com,你可以这样做(明显的部分省略了):
to = ["person1@example.com", "person2@example.com", "person3@example.com"]
msg['To'] = ",".join(to)
s.sendmail(me, to, msg.as_string())
",".join(to)部分从列表中生成一个单独的字符串,用逗号分隔。
从你的问题中,我猜你还没有读过Python教程——如果你想在Python中有所了解,这是必须的——标准库的文档大部分都很出色。
我想我应该把我的两个比特放在这里,因为我刚刚明白了它是如何工作的。
似乎你没有在你的服务器连接设置上指定端口,这影响了我一点,当我试图连接到我的SMTP服务器,没有使用默认端口:25。
根据smtplib。SMTP文档,您的ehlo或helo请求/响应应该自动处理,所以您不必担心这一点(但如果其他都失败了,可能需要确认)。
另一个问题是你是否允许在你的SMTP服务器上进行SMTP连接?对于像GMAIL和ZOHO这样的网站,你必须实际进入并激活电子邮件帐户中的IMAP连接。您的邮件服务器可能不允许SMTP连接不是来自'localhost'也许?一些值得调查的事情。
最后一件事是你可能想尝试在TLS上发起连接。现在大多数服务器都需要这种类型的身份验证。
您将看到我在电子邮件中插入了两个TO字段。msg['TO']和msg['FROM'] msg字典项允许正确的信息显示在电子邮件本身的标题中,这可以在电子邮件的接收端的TO / FROM字段中看到(你甚至可以在这里添加一个Reply TO字段)。TO和FROM字段本身就是服务器所需要的。我知道我听说过一些电子邮件服务器拒绝邮件,如果他们没有适当的电子邮件标题。
这是我使用的代码,在一个函数中,为我工作,使用我的本地计算机和远程SMTP服务器(ZOHO所示)发送*.txt文件的内容:
def emailResults(folder, filename):
# body of the message
doc = folder + filename + '.txt'
with open(doc, 'r') as readText:
msg = MIMEText(readText.read())
# headers
TO = 'to_user@domain.com'
msg['To'] = TO
FROM = 'from_user@domain.com'
msg['From'] = FROM
msg['Subject'] = 'email subject |' + filename
# SMTP
send = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.zoho.com', 587)
send.starttls()
send.login('from_user@domain.com', 'password')
send.sendmail(FROM, TO, msg.as_string())
send.quit()