bash中有没有将字符串转换为小写字符串的方法?

例如,如果我有:

a="Hi all"

我想将其转换为:

"hi all"

当前回答

简单的方法

echo "Hi all" | awk '{ print tolower($0); }'

其他回答

在Bash 4中:

小写

$ string="A FEW WORDS"
$ echo "${string,}"
a FEW WORDS
$ echo "${string,,}"
a few words
$ echo "${string,,[AEIUO]}"
a FeW WoRDS

$ string="A Few Words"
$ declare -l string
$ string=$string; echo "$string"
a few words

大写

$ string="a few words"
$ echo "${string^}"
A few words
$ echo "${string^^}"
A FEW WORDS
$ echo "${string^^[aeiou]}"
A fEw wOrds

$ string="A Few Words"
$ declare -u string
$ string=$string; echo "$string"
A FEW WORDS

切换(未记录,但可在编译时配置)

$ string="A Few Words"
$ echo "${string~~}"
a fEW wORDS
$ string="A FEW WORDS"
$ echo "${string~}"
a FEW WORDS
$ string="a few words"
$ echo "${string~}"
A few words

大写(未记录,但可在编译时配置)

$ string="a few words"
$ declare -c string
$ string=$string
$ echo "$string"
A few words

标题大小写:

$ string="a few words"
$ string=($string)
$ string="${string[@]^}"
$ echo "$string"
A Few Words

$ declare -c string
$ string=(a few words)
$ echo "${string[@]}"
A Few Words

$ string="a FeW WOrdS"
$ string=${string,,}
$ string=${string~}
$ echo "$string"
A few words

要关闭声明属性,请使用+。例如,声明+c字符串。这会影响后续赋值,而不是当前值。

declare选项更改变量的属性,但不更改内容。示例中的重新分配会更新内容以显示更改。

编辑:

按照ghostdog74的建议,添加了“按单词切换第一个字符”(${var~})。

编辑:更正波浪号行为以匹配Bash 4.3。

我知道这是一篇老掉牙的帖子,但我为另一个网站做了这个回答,所以我想我会把它贴在这里:

上部->下部:使用python:

b=`echo "print '$a'.lower()" | python`

或Ruby:

b=`echo "print '$a'.downcase" | ruby`

或Perl:

b=`perl -e "print lc('$a');"`

或PHP:

b=`php -r "print strtolower('$a');"`

或者Awk:

b=`echo "$a" | awk '{ print tolower($1) }'`

或Sed:

b=`echo "$a" | sed 's/./\L&/g'`

或Bash 4:

b=${a,,}

或NodeJS:

b=`node -p "\"$a\".toLowerCase()"`

您也可以使用dd:

b=`echo "$a" | dd  conv=lcase 2> /dev/null`

下部->上部:

使用python:

b=`echo "print '$a'.upper()" | python`

或Ruby:

b=`echo "print '$a'.upcase" | ruby`

或Perl:

b=`perl -e "print uc('$a');"`

或PHP:

b=`php -r "print strtoupper('$a');"`

或者Awk:

b=`echo "$a" | awk '{ print toupper($1) }'`

或Sed:

b=`echo "$a" | sed 's/./\U&/g'`

或Bash 4:

b=${a^^}

或NodeJS:

b=`node -p "\"$a\".toUpperCase()"`

您也可以使用dd:

b=`echo "$a" | dd  conv=ucase 2> /dev/null`

另外,当你说“shell”时,我假设你是指bash,但如果你能使用zsh,那就很简单了

b=$a:l

对于小写和

b=$a:u

用于大写。

有多种方式:

POSIX标准

tr

$ echo "$a" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]'
hi all

AWK

$ echo "$a" | awk '{print tolower($0)}'
hi all

非POSIX

您可能会遇到以下示例的可移植性问题:

巴什4.0

$ echo "${a,,}"
hi all

sed

$ echo "$a" | sed -e 's/\(.*\)/\L\1/'
hi all
# this also works:
$ sed -e 's/\(.*\)/\L\1/' <<< "$a"
hi all

Perl

$ echo "$a" | perl -ne 'print lc'
hi all

Bash

lc(){
    case "$1" in
        [A-Z])
        n=$(printf "%d" "'$1")
        n=$((n+32))
        printf \\$(printf "%o" "$n")
        ;;
        *)
        printf "%s" "$1"
        ;;
    esac
}
word="I Love Bash"
for((i=0;i<${#word};i++))
do
    ch="${word:$i:1}"
    lc "$ch"
done

注:YMMV在这一个。即使使用shopt-u nocasematch;,也不适用于我(GNUbash版本4.2.46和4.0.33(行为2.05b.0相同,但没有实现nocasemach));。取消设置nocasematch会导致[[“fooBaR”==“fooBaR”]]与OK匹配,但奇怪的是,[b-z]与[A-z]不匹配。Bash被双重否定(“未设置nocasematch”)搞糊涂了!:-)

简单的方法

echo "Hi all" | awk '{ print tolower($0); }'

对于Bash 3.2.+| Mac:

read -p 'What is your email? ' email
email=$(echo $email | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
email="$email"
echo $email