JDK 7/8应答，关闭流并仍然抛出IOException：

StringBuilder build = new StringBuilder();
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int length;
try (InputStream is = getInputStream()) {
  while ((length = is.read(buf)) != -1) {
    build.append(new String(buf, 0, length));
  }
}

这是最适合Android和任何其他JVM的纯Java解决方案。

这个解决方案非常好。。。它简单、快速，适用于大小河流！！（见上文第8号基准）

public String readFullyAsString(InputStream inputStream, String encoding)
        throws IOException {
    return readFully(inputStream).toString(encoding);
}

public byte[] readFullyAsBytes(InputStream inputStream)
        throws IOException {
    return readFully(inputStream).toByteArray();
}

private ByteArrayOutputStream readFully(InputStream inputStream)
        throws IOException {
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    int length = 0;
    while ((length = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
        baos.write(buffer, 0, length);
    }
    return baos;
}

我会使用一些Java8技巧。

public static String streamToString(final InputStream inputStream) throws Exception {
    // buffering optional
    try
    (
        final BufferedReader br
           = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream))
    ) {
        // parallel optional
        return br.lines().parallel().collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
    } catch (final IOException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
        // whatever.
    }
}

基本上与其他一些答案相同，只是更简洁。

总结我找到的11种主要方法（见下文）。我写了一些性能测试（见下面的结果）：

将InputStream转换为字符串的方法：

使用IOUtils.toString（Apache Utils）字符串结果=IOTils.toString（inputStream，StandardCharsets.UTF_8）；使用CharStreams（Guava）字符串结果=CharStreams.toString（新InputStreamReader(inputStream、字符集UTF_8））；使用扫描仪（JDK）扫描仪s=新扫描仪（inputStream）。使用分隔符（“\\A”）；字符串结果=s.hasNext（）？s.next（）：“”；使用流API（Java 8）。警告：此解决方案将不同的换行符（如\r\n）转换为\n。字符串结果=新BufferedReader（新InputStreamReader（inputStream））.line（）.collector（Collectors.joining（“\n”））；使用并行流API（Java8）。警告：此解决方案将不同的换行符（如\r\n）转换为\n。字符串结果=新BufferedReader（新InputStreamReader（inputStream））.line（）.allel（）.collector（Collectors.joining（“\n”））；使用InputStreamReader和StringBuilder（JDK）int bufferSize=1024；char[]缓冲区=新字符[bufferSize]；StringBuilder out=新StringBuilder（）；Reader in=新InputStreamReader（流，StandardCharsets.UTF_8）；for（int numRead；（numRead=in.read（buffer，0，buffer.length））>0；）{out.append（缓冲区，0，numRead）；}return out.toString（）；使用StringWriter和IOUtils.copy（Apache Commons）StringWriter writer=新StringWriter（）；IOUtils.copy（inputStream，writer，“UTF-8”）；return writer.toString（）；使用ByteArrayOutputStream和inputStream.read（JDK）ByteArrayOutputStream result=new ByteArrayOutputStream（）；byte[]缓冲区=新字节[1024]；for（int length；（length=inputStream.read（缓冲区））！=-1; ) {result.write（缓冲区，0，长度）；}//StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name（）>JDK 7return result.toString（“UTF-8”）；使用BufferedReader（JDK）。警告：此解决方案将不同的换行符（如\n\r）转换为line.separator系统属性（例如，在Windows中转换为“\r\n”）。String newLine=System.getProperty（“line.sepaper”）；BufferedReader读取器=新的BufferedReader(新的InputStreamReader（inputStream））；StringBuilder result=new StringBuilder（）；for（字符串行；（行=reader.readLine（））！=null；）{如果（result.length（）>0）{result.append（换行符）；}result.append（行）；}return result.toString（）；使用BufferedInputStream和ByteArrayOutputStream（JDK）BufferedInputStream bis=新缓冲输入流（inputStream）；ByteArrayOutputStream buf=新ByteArrayOutputStream（）；for（int result=bis.read（）；结果！=-1.result=bis.read（））{buf.write（（字节）结果）；}//StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name（）>JDK 7return buf.toString（“UTF-8”）；使用inputStream.read（）和StringBuilder（JDK）。警告：此解决方案存在Unicode问题，例如俄语文本（仅适用于非Unicode文本）StringBuilder sb=新StringBuilder（）；for（int ch；（ch=inputStream.read（））！=-1; ) {sb.append（（char）ch）；}return sb.toString（）；

警告：

解决方案4、5和9将不同的换行符转换为一个。解决方案11无法正确使用Unicode文本

性能测试

小字符串（长度=175）的性能测试，github中的url（模式=平均时间，系统=Linux，分数1343最好）：

              Benchmark                         Mode  Cnt   Score   Error  Units
 8. ByteArrayOutputStream and read (JDK)        avgt   10   1,343 ± 0,028  us/op
 6. InputStreamReader and StringBuilder (JDK)   avgt   10   6,980 ± 0,404  us/op
10. BufferedInputStream, ByteArrayOutputStream  avgt   10   7,437 ± 0,735  us/op
11. InputStream.read() and StringBuilder (JDK)  avgt   10   8,977 ± 0,328  us/op
 7. StringWriter and IOUtils.copy (Apache)      avgt   10  10,613 ± 0,599  us/op
 1. IOUtils.toString (Apache Utils)             avgt   10  10,605 ± 0,527  us/op
 3. Scanner (JDK)                               avgt   10  12,083 ± 0,293  us/op
 2. CharStreams (guava)                         avgt   10  12,999 ± 0,514  us/op
 4. Stream Api (Java 8)                         avgt   10  15,811 ± 0,605  us/op
 9. BufferedReader (JDK)                        avgt   10  16,038 ± 0,711  us/op
 5. parallel Stream Api (Java 8)                avgt   10  21,544 ± 0,583  us/op

对大字符串（长度=50100）、github中的url进行性能测试（模式=平均时间，系统=Linux，得分200715最好）：

               Benchmark                        Mode  Cnt   Score        Error  Units
 8. ByteArrayOutputStream and read (JDK)        avgt   10   200,715 ±   18,103  us/op
 1. IOUtils.toString (Apache Utils)             avgt   10   300,019 ±    8,751  us/op
 6. InputStreamReader and StringBuilder (JDK)   avgt   10   347,616 ±  130,348  us/op
 7. StringWriter and IOUtils.copy (Apache)      avgt   10   352,791 ±  105,337  us/op
 2. CharStreams (guava)                         avgt   10   420,137 ±   59,877  us/op
 9. BufferedReader (JDK)                        avgt   10   632,028 ±   17,002  us/op
 5. parallel Stream Api (Java 8)                avgt   10   662,999 ±   46,199  us/op
 4. Stream Api (Java 8)                         avgt   10   701,269 ±   82,296  us/op
10. BufferedInputStream, ByteArrayOutputStream  avgt   10   740,837 ±    5,613  us/op
 3. Scanner (JDK)                               avgt   10   751,417 ±   62,026  us/op
11. InputStream.read() and StringBuilder (JDK)  avgt   10  2919,350 ± 1101,942  us/op

图表（性能测试取决于Windows 7系统中的输入流长度）

性能测试（平均时间）取决于Windows 7系统中的输入流长度：

 length  182    546     1092    3276    9828    29484   58968

 test8  0.38    0.938   1.868   4.448   13.412  36.459  72.708
 test4  2.362   3.609   5.573   12.769  40.74   81.415  159.864
 test5  3.881   5.075   6.904   14.123  50.258  129.937 166.162
 test9  2.237   3.493   5.422   11.977  45.98   89.336  177.39
 test6  1.261   2.12    4.38    10.698  31.821  86.106  186.636
 test7  1.601   2.391   3.646   8.367   38.196  110.221 211.016
 test1  1.529   2.381   3.527   8.411   40.551  105.16  212.573
 test3  3.035   3.934   8.606   20.858  61.571  118.744 235.428
 test2  3.136   6.238   10.508  33.48   43.532  118.044 239.481
 test10 1.593   4.736   7.527   20.557  59.856  162.907 323.147
 test11 3.913   11.506  23.26   68.644  207.591 600.444 1211.545

当输入流来自类路径资源（这似乎是一项流行任务）时，Guava提供了更短的高效自动关闭解决方案：

byte[] bytes = Resources.toByteArray(classLoader.getResource(path));

or

String text = Resources.toString(classLoader.getResource(path), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

还有ByteSource和CharSource的一般概念，它们温和地负责打开和关闭流。

因此，例如，不要显式打开一个小文件来读取其内容：

String content = Files.asCharSource(new File("robots.txt"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8).read();
byte[] data = Files.asByteSource(new File("favicon.ico")).read();

或者只是

String content = Files.toString(new File("robots.txt"), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
byte[] data = Files.toByteArray(new File("favicon.ico"));

我已经写了一个这样的课，所以我想我会和大家分享。有时候，您不想仅仅为了一件事而添加Apache Commons，并且想要比Scanner更笨的东西，它不检查内容。

用法如下

// Read from InputStream
String data = new ReaderSink(inputStream, Charset.forName("UTF-8")).drain();

// Read from File
data = new ReaderSink(file, Charset.forName("UTF-8")).drain();

// Drain input stream to console
new ReaderSink(inputStream, Charset.forName("UTF-8")).drainTo(System.out);

以下是ReaderSink的代码：

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;

/**
 * A simple sink class that drains a {@link Reader} to a {@link String} or
 * to a {@link Writer}.
 *
 * @author Ben Barkay
 * @version 2/20/2014
 */
public class ReaderSink {
    /**
     * The default buffer size to use if no buffer size was specified.
     */
    public static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;

    /**
     * The {@link Reader} that will be drained.
     */
    private final Reader in;

    /**
     * Constructs a new {@code ReaderSink} for the specified file and charset.
     * @param file      The file to read from.
     * @param charset   The charset to use.
     * @throws FileNotFoundException    If the file was not found on the filesystem.
     */
    public ReaderSink(File file, Charset charset) throws FileNotFoundException {
        this(new FileInputStream(file), charset);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new {@code ReaderSink} for the specified {@link InputStream}.
     * @param in        The {@link InputStream} to drain.
     * @param charset   The charset to use.
     */
    public ReaderSink(InputStream in, Charset charset) {
        this(new InputStreamReader(in, charset));
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new {@code ReaderSink} for the specified {@link Reader}.
     * @param in    The reader to drain.
     */
    public ReaderSink(Reader in) {
        this.in = in;
    }

    /**
     * Drains the data from the underlying {@link Reader}, returning a {@link String} containing
     * all of the read information. This method will use {@link #DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE} for
     * its buffer size.
     * @return  A {@link String} containing all of the information that was read.
     */
    public String drain() throws IOException {
        return drain(DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
    }

    /**
     * Drains the data from the underlying {@link Reader}, returning a {@link String} containing
     * all of the read information.
     * @param bufferSize    The size of the buffer to use when reading.
     * @return  A {@link String} containing all of the information that was read.
     */
    public String drain(int bufferSize) throws IOException {
        StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
        drainTo(stringWriter, bufferSize);
        return stringWriter.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Drains the data from the underlying {@link Reader}, writing it to the
     * specified {@link Writer}. This method will use {@link #DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE} for
     * its buffer size.
     * @param out   The {@link Writer} to write to.
     */
    public void drainTo(Writer out) throws IOException {
        drainTo(out, DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE);
    }

    /**
     * Drains the data from the underlying {@link Reader}, writing it to the
     * specified {@link Writer}.
     * @param out           The {@link Writer} to write to.
     * @param bufferSize    The size of the buffer to use when reader.
     */
    public void drainTo(Writer out, int bufferSize) throws IOException {
        char[] buffer = new char[bufferSize];
        int read;
        while ((read = in.read(buffer)) > -1) {
            out.write(buffer, 0, read);
        }
    }
}