如果您在单个.pem文件中收到了组合的证书和密钥，就像MongoDB Atlas的身份验证一样，那么，

使用文本编辑器打开pem文件，将其拆分为两个文件，例如cert.pem和key。Pem(你可以在文件中很清楚地进行分割)，然后使用openssl命令创建一个单独的p12格式文件，如下所示:

 openssl pkcs12 -export -out server.p12 -name test\
 -in cert.pem -inkey key.pem

我使用的是Java 8，至少在Java 8或更高版本中，生成的p12 (server.p12)现在是keystore文件，因此如果不需要向它添加任何certs，您可以直接使用它，而不需要使用keytool。

信不信由你，keytool并没有提供像将私钥导入keystore这样的基本功能。您可以尝试将PKSC12文件与私钥合并到keystore中:

keytool -importkeystore \
  -deststorepass storepassword \
  -destkeypass keypassword \
  -destkeystore my-keystore.jks \
  -srckeystore cert-and-key.p12 \
  -srcstoretype PKCS12 \
  -srcstorepass p12password \
  -alias 1

或者使用IBM的更友好的KeyMan来处理密钥库，而不是keytool。

是的，keytool没有导入私钥的功能，这确实是一个可悲的事实。

在最后，我使用了这里描述的解决方案

在我的例子中，我有一个pem文件，其中包含两个证书和一个用于相互SSL身份验证的加密私钥。 我的pem文件是这样的:

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,C8BF220FC76AA5F9
...
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

以下是我所做的:

将文件拆分为三个单独的文件，这样每个文件只包含一个条目， 以“——BEGIN..”开头，以“——END..”结尾。让我们假设现在有三个文件:cert1。pem cert2。Pem和pkey.pem

pkey进行转换。使用openssl将pem文件转换为DER格式，并执行如下语法:

Openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -nocrypt -in pkey. exepem -out pkey.der -outform DER . pem

注意，如果私钥是加密的，你需要提供一个密码(从原始pem文件的供应商那里获得) 转换为DER格式， Openssl会像这样要求你输入密码:“enter a pass phrase for pkey。pem:“ 如果转换成功，您将得到一个名为“pkey.der”的新文件。

创建一个新的java密钥存储库，并导入私钥和证书:

String keypass = "password";  // this is a new password, you need to come up with to protect your java key store file
String defaultalias = "importkey";
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS", "SUN");

// this section does not make much sense to me, 
// but I will leave it intact as this is how it was in the original example I found on internet:   
ks.load( null, keypass.toCharArray());
ks.store( new FileOutputStream ( "mykeystore"  ), keypass.toCharArray());
ks.load( new FileInputStream ( "mykeystore" ),    keypass.toCharArray());
// end of section..


// read the key file from disk and create a PrivateKey

FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("pkey.der");
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(fis);
byte[] bytes = new byte[dis.available()];
dis.readFully(bytes);
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);

byte[] key = new byte[bais.available()];
KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
bais.read(key, 0, bais.available());
bais.close();

PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keysp = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec ( key );
PrivateKey ff = kf.generatePrivate (keysp);


// read the certificates from the files and load them into the key store:

Collection  col_crt1 = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X509").generateCertificates(new FileInputStream("cert1.pem"));
Collection  col_crt2 = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X509").generateCertificates(new FileInputStream("cert2.pem"));

Certificate crt1 = (Certificate) col_crt1.iterator().next();
Certificate crt2 = (Certificate) col_crt2.iterator().next();
Certificate[] chain = new Certificate[] { crt1, crt2 };

String alias1 = ((X509Certificate) crt1).getSubjectX500Principal().getName();
String alias2 = ((X509Certificate) crt2).getSubjectX500Principal().getName();

ks.setCertificateEntry(alias1, crt1);
ks.setCertificateEntry(alias2, crt2);

// store the private key
ks.setKeyEntry(defaultalias, ff, keypass.toCharArray(), chain );

// save the key store to a file         
ks.store(new FileOutputStream ( "mykeystore" ),keypass.toCharArray());

(可选)验证新密钥存储库的内容:

keytool -list -keystore mykeystore -storepass password

密钥库类型:JKS密钥库提供者:SUN 您的密钥存储库包含3个条目 cn =…,ou =…,o = . .， 2014年9月2日，trustedCertEntry，证书 fingerprint (SHA1): 2C:B8:… importkey, 2014年9月2日，PrivateKeyEntry，证书指纹 (sha1): 9c: b0:… cn =…,o =…， 2014年9月2日，trustedCertEntry，证书指纹 (sha1): 83:63:…

(可选)在SSL服务器上测试新密钥库中的证书和私钥: (你可能想把调试作为一个虚拟机选项:-Djavax.net.debug=all)

        char[] passw = "password".toCharArray();
        KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS", "SUN");
        ks.load(new FileInputStream ( "mykeystore" ), passw );

        KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
        kmf.init(ks, passw);

        TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
        tmf.init(ks);
        TrustManager[] tm = tmf.getTrustManagers();

        SSLContext sclx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
        sclx.init( kmf.getKeyManagers(), tm, null);

        SSLSocketFactory factory = sclx.getSocketFactory();
        SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket( "192.168.1.111", 443 );
        socket.startHandshake();

        //if no exceptions are thrown in the startHandshake method, then everything is fine..

最后注册你的证书与HttpsURLConnection如果计划使用它:

        char[] passw = "password".toCharArray();
        KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS", "SUN");
        ks.load(new FileInputStream ( "mykeystore" ), passw );

        KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
        kmf.init(ks, passw);

        TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
        tmf.init(ks);
        TrustManager[] tm = tmf.getTrustManagers();

        SSLContext sclx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
        sclx.init( kmf.getKeyManagers(), tm, null);

        HostnameVerifier hv = new HostnameVerifier()
        {
            public boolean verify(String urlHostName, SSLSession session)
            {
                if (!urlHostName.equalsIgnoreCase(session.getPeerHost()))
                {
                    System.out.println("Warning: URL host '" + urlHostName + "' is different to SSLSession host '" + session.getPeerHost() + "'.");
                }
                return true;
            }
        };

        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory( sclx.getSocketFactory() );
        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(hv);

我试图实现的是使用已经提供的私钥和证书对消息进行签名，该消息要发送到某个需要确保消息来自我的地方(私钥签名而公钥加密)。

如果你已经有了。key文件和。crt文件?

试试这个:

步骤1:将密钥和证书转换为.p12文件

openssl pkcs12 -export -in certificate.crt -inkey privateKey.key -name alias -out yourconvertedfile.p12

步骤2:导入密钥并使用单个命令创建.jsk文件

keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass changeit -destkeystore keystore.jks -srckeystore umeme.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12

步骤3:在java中:

char[] keyPassword = "changeit".toCharArray();

KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
InputStream keyStoreData = new FileInputStream("keystore.jks");

keyStore.load(keyStoreData, keyPassword);
KeyStore.ProtectionParameter entryPassword = new KeyStore.PasswordProtection(keyPassword);
KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry privateKeyEntry = (KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry)keyStore.getEntry("alias", entryPassword);

System.out.println(privateKeyEntry.toString());

如果你需要用这个键给某个字符串签名，请执行以下操作:

步骤1:转换要加密的文本

byte[] data = "test".getBytes("UTF8");

步骤2:获取base64编码的私钥

keyStore.load(keyStoreData, keyPassword);

//get cert, pubkey and private key from the store by alias
Certificate cert = keyStore.getCertificate("localhost");
PublicKey publicKey = cert.getPublicKey();
KeyPair keyPair = new KeyPair(publicKey, (PrivateKey) key);

//sign with this alg
Signature sig = Signature.getInstance("SHA1WithRSA");
sig.initSign(keyPair.getPrivate());
sig.update(data);
byte[] signatureBytes = sig.sign();
System.out.println("Signature:" + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(signatureBytes));

sig.initVerify(keyPair.getPublic());
sig.update(data);

System.out.println(sig.verify(signatureBytes));

引用:

如何在Java密钥存储库中导入现有的x509证书和私钥以用于SSL? http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-cryptography/keystore.html http://www.java2s.com/Code/Java/Security/RetrievingaKeyPairfromaKeyStore.htm 如何签署字符串与私钥

最后的程序

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    byte[] data = "test".getBytes("UTF8");

    // load keystore
    char[] keyPassword = "changeit".toCharArray();

    KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
    //System.getProperty("user.dir") + "" < for a file in particular path 
    InputStream keyStoreData = new FileInputStream("keystore.jks");
    keyStore.load(keyStoreData, keyPassword);

    Key key = keyStore.getKey("localhost", keyPassword);

    Certificate cert = keyStore.getCertificate("localhost");

    PublicKey publicKey = cert.getPublicKey();

    KeyPair keyPair = new KeyPair(publicKey, (PrivateKey) key);

    Signature sig = Signature.getInstance("SHA1WithRSA");

    sig.initSign(keyPair.getPrivate());
    sig.update(data);
    byte[] signatureBytes = sig.sign();
    System.out.println("Signature:" + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(signatureBytes));

    sig.initVerify(keyPair.getPublic());
    sig.update(data);

    System.out.println(sig.verify(signatureBytes));
}

您可以使用这些步骤将密钥导入到现有的密钥存储库。这些说明结合了这个帖子和其他网站的答案。这些指令对我来说是有效的(java密钥库):

运行

Openssl pkcs12 -export -in你的服务器。CRT -inkey你的钥匙。密钥输出服务器。P12 -name someename -certfile yourca. xmlCRT -caname根

(如果需要，使用-chain选项。这样做对我来说失败了)。 这将要求密码-您必须提供正确的密码，否则将得到一个错误 (标题错误或填充错误等)。

It will ask you to enter a new password - you must enter a password here - enter anything but remember it. (Let us assume you enter Aragorn). This will create the server.p12 file in the pkcs format. Now to import it into the *.jks file run: keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore server.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -destkeystore yourexistingjavakeystore.jks -deststoretype JKS -deststorepass existingjavastorepassword -destkeypass existingjavastorepassword (Very important - do not leave out the deststorepass and the destkeypass parameters.) It will ask you for the src key store password. Enter Aragorn and hit enter. The certificate and key is now imported into your existing java keystore.