我有两门课。我的主活动和一个扩展AsyncTask,现在在我的主活动中,我需要从AsyncTask中的OnPostExecute()获得结果。如何将结果传递给我的主活动?
下面是示例代码。
我的主要活动。
public class MainActivity extends Activity{
AasyncTask asyncTask = new AasyncTask();
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle aBundle) {
super.onCreate(aBundle);
//Calling the AsyncTask class to start to execute.
asyncTask.execute(a.targetServer);
//Creating a TextView.
TextView displayUI = asyncTask.dataDisplay;
displayUI = new TextView(this);
this.setContentView(tTextView);
}
}
这是AsyncTask类
public class AasyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {
TextView dataDisplay; //store the data
String soapAction = "http://sample.com"; //SOAPAction header line.
String targetServer = "https://sampletargeturl.com"; //Target Server.
//SOAP Request.
String soapRequest = "<sample XML request>";
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... string) {
String responseStorage = null; //storage of the response
try {
//Uses URL and HttpURLConnection for server connection.
URL targetURL = new URL(targetServer);
HttpURLConnection httpCon = (HttpURLConnection) targetURL.openConnection();
httpCon.setDoOutput(true);
httpCon.setDoInput(true);
httpCon.setUseCaches(false);
httpCon.setChunkedStreamingMode(0);
//properties of SOAPAction header
httpCon.addRequestProperty("SOAPAction", soapAction);
httpCon.addRequestProperty("Content-Type", "text/xml; charset=utf-8");
httpCon.addRequestProperty("Content-Length", "" + soapRequest.length());
httpCon.setRequestMethod(HttpPost.METHOD_NAME);
//sending request to the server.
OutputStream outputStream = httpCon.getOutputStream();
Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
writer.write(soapRequest);
writer.flush();
writer.close();
//getting the response from the server
InputStream inputStream = httpCon.getInputStream();
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
ByteArrayBuffer byteArrayBuffer = new ByteArrayBuffer(50);
int intResponse = httpCon.getResponseCode();
while ((intResponse = bufferedReader.read()) != -1) {
byteArrayBuffer.append(intResponse);
}
responseStorage = new String(byteArrayBuffer.toByteArray());
} catch (Exception aException) {
responseStorage = aException.getMessage();
}
return responseStorage;
}
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
aTextView.setText(result);
}
}
这个答案可能晚了,但我想提到一些事情,当你的活动依赖于AsyncTask。这将帮助您防止崩溃和内存管理。正如上面已经提到的,我们也称它们为回调。它们将作为一个通知器工作,但永远不会发送活动的强引用或接口总是使用弱引用在这些情况下。
请参考下面的截图,以了解如何导致问题。
正如你所看到的,如果我们用一个强引用启动AsyncTask,那么在我们获得数据之前,并不能保证我们的Activity/Fragment将是活的,所以在这些情况下使用WeakReference会更好,这也将有助于内存管理,因为我们永远不会持有我们的Activity的强引用,那么它将有资格在它扭曲后进行垃圾收集。
查看下面的代码片段,了解如何使用强大的WeakReference -
java接口,将作为一个通知器工作。
public interface MyTaskInformer {
void onTaskDone(String output);
}
MySmallAsyncTask.java AsyncTask做长时间运行的任务,这将使用WeakReference。
public class MySmallAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {
// ***** Hold weak reference *****
private WeakReference<MyTaskInformer> mCallBack;
public MySmallAsyncTask(MyTaskInformer callback) {
this.mCallBack = new WeakReference<>(callback);
}
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
// Here do whatever your task is like reading/writing file
// or read data from your server or any other heavy task
// Let us suppose here you get response, just return it
final String output = "Any out, mine is just demo output";
// Return it from here to post execute
return output;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String s) {
super.onPostExecute(s);
// Here you can't guarantee that Activity/Fragment is alive who started this AsyncTask
// Make sure your caller is active
final MyTaskInformer callBack = mCallBack.get();
if(callBack != null) {
callBack.onTaskDone(s);
}
}
}
这个类用于在这个类上启动我的AsyncTask实现接口,并覆盖这个强制方法。
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements MyTaskInformer {
private TextView mMyTextView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mMyTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_text_view);
// Start your AsyncTask and pass reference of MyTaskInformer in constructor
new MySmallAsyncTask(this).execute();
}
@Override
public void onTaskDone(String output) {
// Here you will receive output only if your Activity is alive.
// no need to add checks like if(!isFinishing())
mMyTextView.setText(output);
}
}
我觉得下面的方法很简单。
我已经声明了一个回调接口
public interface AsyncResponse {
void processFinish(Object output);
}
然后创建异步任务来响应所有类型的并行请求
public class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Object, Object, Object> {
public AsyncResponse delegate = null;//Call back interface
public MyAsyncTask(AsyncResponse asyncResponse) {
delegate = asyncResponse;//Assigning call back interfacethrough constructor
}
@Override
protected Object doInBackground(Object... params) {
//My Background tasks are written here
return {resutl Object}
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Object result) {
delegate.processFinish(result);
}
}
然后在活动类中单击按钮时调用异步任务。
public class MainActivity extends Activity{
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
Button mbtnPress = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnPress);
mbtnPress.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
MyAsyncTask asyncTask =new MyAsyncTask(new AsyncResponse() {
@Override
public void processFinish(Object output) {
Log.d("Response From Asynchronous task:", (String) output);
mbtnPress.setText((String) output);
}
});
asyncTask.execute(new Object[] { "Your request to aynchronous task class is giving here.." });
}
});
}
}
谢谢
您可以编写自己的侦听器。它和HelmiB的答案一样,但看起来更自然:
创建监听器接口:
public interface myAsyncTaskCompletedListener {
void onMyAsynTaskCompleted(int responseCode, String result);
}
然后写你的异步任务:
public class myAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {
private myAsyncTaskCompletedListener listener;
private int responseCode = 0;
public myAsyncTask() {
}
public myAsyncTask(myAsyncTaskCompletedListener listener, int responseCode) {
this.listener = listener;
this.responseCode = responseCode;
}
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
}
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
String result;
String param = (params.length == 0) ? null : params[0];
if (param != null) {
// Do some background jobs, like httprequest...
return result;
}
return null;
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String finalResult) {
super.onPostExecute(finalResult);
if (!isCancelled()) {
if (listener != null) {
listener.onMyAsynTaskCompleted(responseCode, finalResult);
}
}
}
}
最后在activity中实现监听器:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements myAsyncTaskCompletedListener {
@Override
public void onMyAsynTaskCompleted(int responseCode, String result) {
switch (responseCode) {
case TASK_CODE_ONE:
// Do something for CODE_ONE
break;
case TASK_CODE_TWO:
// Do something for CODE_TWO
break;
default:
// Show some error code
}
}
这是你如何调用asyncTask:
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
// Some other codes...
new myAsyncTask(this,TASK_CODE_ONE).execute("Data for background job");
// And some another codes...
}