你确实可以以通用的方式使用__call()来访问受保护的方法。以便能够测试这个类

class Example {
    protected function getMessage() {
        return 'hello';
    }
}

在ExampleTest.php中创建一个子类:

class ExampleExposed extends Example {
    public function __call($method, array $args = array()) {
        if (!method_exists($this, $method))
            throw new BadMethodCallException("method '$method' does not exist");
        return call_user_func_array(array($this, $method), $args);
    }
}

注意，__call()方法不会以任何方式引用类，所以你可以将上面的方法复制到每个你想测试的受保护方法的类中，只需要更改类声明。您可以将此函数放在公共基类中，但我还没有尝试过。

现在，测试用例本身的不同之处在于您在哪里构造要测试的对象，例如交换ExampleExposed。

class ExampleTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase {
    function testGetMessage() {
        $fixture = new ExampleExposed();
        self::assertEquals('hello', $fixture->getMessage());
    }
}

我相信PHP 5.3允许您使用反射来直接更改方法的可访问性，但我假设您必须对每个方法单独这样做。

您可以像下面的代码一样使用闭包

<?php

class A
{
    private string $value = 'Kolobol';
    private string $otherPrivateValue = 'I\'m very private, like a some kind of password!';

    public function setValue(string $value): void
    {
        $this->value = $value;
    }

    private function getValue(): string
    {
        return $this->value . ': ' . $this->getVeryPrivate();
    }

    private function getVeryPrivate()
    {
        return $this->otherPrivateValue;
    }
}

$getPrivateProperty = function &(string $propName) {
    return $this->$propName;
};

$getPrivateMethod = function (string $methodName) {
    return Closure::fromCallable([$this, $methodName]);
};

$objA = new A;
$getPrivateProperty = Closure::bind($getPrivateProperty, $objA, $objA);
$getPrivateMethod = Closure::bind($getPrivateMethod, $objA, $objA);
$privateByLink = &$getPrivateProperty('value');
$privateMethod = $getPrivateMethod('getValue');

echo $privateByLink, PHP_EOL; // Kolobok

$objA->setValue('Zmey-Gorynich');
echo $privateByLink, PHP_EOL; // Zmey-Gorynich

$privateByLink = 'Alyonushka';
echo $privateMethod(); // Alyonushka: I'm very private, like a some kind of password!

You seem to be aware already, but I'll just restate it anyway; It's a bad sign, if you need to test protected methods. The aim of a unit test, is to test the interface of a class, and protected methods are implementation details. That said, there are cases where it makes sense. If you use inheritance, you can see a superclass as providing an interface for the subclass. So here, you would have to test the protected method (But never a private one). The solution to this, is to create a subclass for testing purpose, and use this to expose the methods. Eg.:

class Foo {
  protected function stuff() {
    // secret stuff, you want to test
  }
}

class SubFoo extends Foo {
  public function exposedStuff() {
    return $this->stuff();
  }
}

注意，您总是可以用组合替换继承。在测试代码时，处理使用这种模式的代码通常要容易得多，因此您可能需要考虑该选项。

为了单元测试的目的，我做了一个类来调用简单的私有方法(静态和非静态):

class MethodInvoker
{
    public function invoke($object, string $methodName, array $args=[]) {
        $privateMethod = $this->getMethod(get_class($object), $methodName);

        return $privateMethod->invokeArgs($object, $args);
    }

    private function getMethod(string $className, string $methodName) {
        $class = new \ReflectionClass($className);
        
        $method = $class->getMethod($methodName);
        $method->setAccessible(true);
    
        return $method;
    }
}

用法示例:

class TestClass {
    private function privateMethod(string $txt) {
        print_r('invoked privateMethod: ' . $txt);
    }
}

(new MethodInvoker)->invoke(new TestClass, 'privateMethod', ['argument_1']);

我想troelskn就在附近。我会这样做:

class ClassToTest
{
   protected function testThisMethod()
   {
     // Implement stuff here
   }
}

然后，实现如下内容:

class TestClassToTest extends ClassToTest
{
  public function testThisMethod()
  {
    return parent::testThisMethod();
  }
}

然后根据TestClassToTest运行测试。

应该可以通过解析代码自动生成这样的扩展类。如果PHPUnit已经提供了这样的机制，我不会感到惊讶(尽管我还没有检查)。

Teastburn的方法是正确的。更简单的方法是直接调用该方法并返回答案:

class PHPUnitUtil
{
  public static function callMethod($obj, $name, array $args) {
        $class = new \ReflectionClass($obj);
        $method = $class->getMethod($name);
        $method->setAccessible(true);
        return $method->invokeArgs($obj, $args);
    }
}

您可以在测试中通过以下方式简单地调用它:

$returnVal = PHPUnitUtil::callMethod(
                $this->object,
                '_nameOfProtectedMethod', 
                array($arg1, $arg2)
             );