如何为curl命令urlencode数据?

我试图写一个bash脚本测试，需要一个参数，并通过curl发送到网站。我需要url编码的值，以确保特殊字符被正确处理。最好的方法是什么?

这是我到目前为止的基本脚本:

#!/bin/bash
host=${1:?'bad host'}
value=$2
shift
shift
curl -v -d "param=${value}" http://${host}/somepath $@

当前回答

下面是一个不调用任何外部程序的Bash解决方案:

uriencode() {
  s="${1//'%'/%25}"
  s="${s//' '/%20}"
  s="${s//'"'/%22}"
  s="${s//'#'/%23}"
  s="${s//'$'/%24}"
  s="${s//'&'/%26}"
  s="${s//'+'/%2B}"
  s="${s//','/%2C}"
  s="${s//'/'/%2F}"
  s="${s//':'/%3A}"
  s="${s//';'/%3B}"
  s="${s//'='/%3D}"
  s="${s//'?'/%3F}"
  s="${s//'@'/%40}"
  s="${s//'['/%5B}"
  s="${s//']'/%5D}"
  printf %s "$s"
}

2017-01-01 02:44:09

其他回答

在本例中，我需要对主机名进行URL编码。不要问为什么。作为一个极简主义者和Perl爱好者，下面是我想到的。

url_encode()
  {
  echo -n "$1" | perl -pe 's/[^a-zA-Z0-9\/_.~-]/sprintf "%%%02x", ord($&)/ge'
  }

很适合我。

2021-10-15 14:46:46

我发现下面的代码片段很有用，可以将它插入到一个程序调用链中，其中URI::Escape可能没有安装:

perl -p -e 's/([^A-Za-z0-9])/sprintf("%%%02X", ord($1))/seg'

(源)

2009-11-10 19:48:37

Note

这些函数不是用来编码URL的数据，而是用来编码URL。将url以每行一个的方式放入文件中。

#!/bin/dash

replaceUnicodes () { # $1=input/output file
    if ! mv -f "$1" "$1".tmp 2>/dev/null; then return 1; fi
    output="$1" awk '
    function hexValue(chr) {
        if(chr=="0") return 0; if(chr=="1") return 1; if(chr=="2") return 2; if(chr=="3") return 3; if(chr=="4") return 4; if(chr=="5") return 5;
        if(chr=="6") return 6; if(chr=="7") return 7; if(chr=="8") return 8; if(chr=="9") return 9; if(chr=="A") return 10;
        if(chr=="B") return 11; if(chr=="C") return 12; if(chr=="D") return 13; if(chr=="E") return 14; return 15 }
    function hexToDecimal(str,  value,i,inc) {
        str=toupper(str); value=and(hexValue(substr(str,length(str),1)),15); inc=1;
        for(i=length(str)-1;i>0;i--) {
            value+=lshift(hexValue(substr(str,i,1)),4*inc++)
        } return value }
    function toDecimal(str, value,i) {
        for(i=1;i<=length(str);i++) {
            value=(value*10)+substr(str,i,1)
        } return value }
    function to32BE(high,low) {
        # return 0x10000+((high-0xD800)*0x400)+(low-0xDC00) }
        return lshift((high-0xD800),10)+(low-0xDC00)+0x10000 }
    function toUTF8(value) {
        if(value<0x80) { 
            return sprintf("%%%02X",value)
        } else if(value>0xFFFF) {
            return sprintf("%%%02X%%%02X%%%02X%%%02X",or(0xF0,and(rshift(value,18),0x07)),or(0x80,and(rshift(value,12),0x3F)),or(0x80,and(rshift(value,6),0x3F)),or(0x80,and(rshift(value,0),0x3F)))
        } else if(value>0x07FF) {
            return sprintf("%%%02X%%%02X%%%02X",or(0xE0,and(rshift(value,12),0x0F)),or(0x80,and(rshift(value,6),0x3F)),or(0x80,and(rshift(value,0),0x3F)))
        } else { return sprintf("%%%02X%%%02X",or(0xC0,and(rshift(value,6),0x1F)),or(0x80,and(rshift(value,0),0x3F))) }
    }
    function trap(str) { sub(/^\\+/,"\\",str); return str }
    function esc(str) { gsub(/\\/,"\\\\",str); return str }
    BEGIN { output=ENVIRON["output"] }
    {
        finalStr=""; while(match($0,/[\\]+u[0-9a-fA-F]{4}/)) {
            p=substr($0,RSTART,RLENGTH); num=hexToDecimal(substr(p,RLENGTH-3,4));
            bfrStr=substr($0,1,RSTART-1); $0=substr($0,RSTART+RLENGTH,length($0)-(RSTART+RLENGTH-1));
            if(surrogate) {
                surrogate=0;
                if(RSTART!=1 || num<0xD800 || (num>0xDBFF && num<0xDC00) || num>0xDFFF) {
                    finalStr=sprintf("%s%s%s%s",finalStr,trap(highP),bfrStr,toUTF8(num))
                } else if(num>0xD7FF && num<0xDC00) {
                    surrogate=1; high=num; finalStr=sprintf("%s%s",finalStr,trap(highP))
                } else { finalStr=sprintf("%s%s",finalStr,toUTF8(to32BE(high,num))) }
            } else if(num>0xD7FF && num<0xDC00) {
                surrogate=1; highP=p; high=num; finalStr=sprintf("%s%s",finalStr,bfrStr)
            } else { finalStr=sprintf("%s%s%s",finalStr,bfrStr,toUTF8(num)) }
        } finalStr=sprintf("%s%s",finalStr,$0); $0=finalStr

        while(match($0,/[\\]+U[0-9a-fA-F]{8}/)) {
            str=substr($0,RSTART,RLENGTH); gsub(esc(str),toUTF8(hexToDecimal(substr(str,RLENGTH-7,8))),$0)
        }
        while(match($0,/[\\]*&#[xX][0-9a-fA-F]{1,8};/)) {
            str=substr($0,RSTART,RLENGTH); idx=index(str,"#");
            gsub(esc(str),toUTF8(hexToDecimal(substr(str,idx+2,RLENGTH-idx-2))),$0)
        }
        while(match($0,/[\\]*&#[0-9]{1,10};/)) {
            str=substr($0,RSTART,RLENGTH); idx=index(str,"#");
            gsub(esc(str),toUTF8(toDecimal(substr(str,idx+1,RLENGTH-idx-1))),$0)
        }
        printf("%s\n",$0) > output
    }' "$1".tmp
    rm -f "$1".tmp
}

replaceHtmlEntities () { # $1=input/output file
    if ! mv -f "$1" "$1".tmp 2>/dev/null; then return 1; fi
    sed 's/%3[aA]/:/g; s/%2[fF]/\//g; s/&quot;/%22/g; s/&lt;/%3C/g; s/&gt;/%3E/g; s/&nbsp;/%A0/g; s/&cent;/%A2/g; s/&pound;/%A3/g; s/&yen;/%A5/g; s/&copy;/%A9/g; s/&reg;/%AE/g; s/&amp;/\&/g; s/\\*\//\//g' "$1".tmp > "$1"
    rm -f "$1".tmp
}


# "od -v -A n -t u1 -w99999999"
# "hexdump -v -e \47/1 \42%d \42\47"
# Reminder :: Do not encode (, ), [, and ].
toUTF8Encoded () { # $1=input/output file
    if ! mv -f "$1" "$1".tmp 2>/dev/null; then return 1; fi
    if [ -s "$1".tmp ]; then
        # od -A n -t u1 -w99999999 "$1".tmp | \
        hexdump -v -e '/1 "%d "' "$1".tmp | \
        output="$1" awk 'function hexDigit(chr) { if((chr>47 && chr<58) || (chr>64 && chr<71) || (chr>96 && chr<103)) return 1; return 0 }
        BEGIN { output=ENVIRON["output"] }
        {   for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) {
                flushed=0; c=$(i);
                if(c==13) { if($(i+1)==10) i++; printf("%s\n",url) > output; url=""; flushed=1
                } else if(c==10) { printf("%s\n",url) > output; url=""; flushed=1
                } else if(c==37) {
                    if(hexDigit($(i+1)) && hexDigit($(i+2))) {
                        url=sprintf("%s%%%c%c",url,$(i+1),$(i+2)); i+=2
                    } else { url=sprintf("%s%%25",url) }
                } else if(c>32 && c<127 && c!=34 && c!=39 && c!=96 && c!=60 && c!=62) {
                    url=sprintf("%s%c",url,c)
                } else { url=sprintf("%s%%%02X",url,c) }
            } if(!flushed) printf("%s\n",url) > output
        }'
    fi
    rm -f "$1".tmp
}

调用replacecodes () -> replacemlentities () --> toUTF8Encoded()

2021-05-08 15:02:38

从shell脚本中使用php:

value="http://www.google.com"
encoded=$(php -r "echo rawurlencode('$value');")
# encoded = "http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com"
echo $(php -r "echo rawurldecode('$encoded');")
# returns: "http://www.google.com"

http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.rawurlencode.php http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.rawurldecode.php

2012-01-31 23:10:59

你可以在perl中模拟javascript的encodeURIComponent。下面是命令:

perl -pe 's/([^a-zA-Z0-9_.!~*()'\''-])/sprintf("%%%02X", ord($1))/ge'

你可以在.bash_profile中设置它为bash别名:

alias encodeURIComponent='perl -pe '\''s/([^a-zA-Z0-9_.!~*()'\''\'\'''\''-])/sprintf("%%%02X",ord($1))/ge'\'

现在你可以管道到encodeURIComponent:

$ echo -n 'hèllo wôrld!' | encodeURIComponent
h%C3%A8llo%20w%C3%B4rld!

2015-01-20 21:08:51

如何为curl命令urlencode数据?

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