我曾经使用CShell(csh),它允许您创建一个接受参数的别名。符号有点像
alias junk="mv \\!* ~/.Trash"
在巴什,这似乎行不通。鉴于Bash有许多有用的特性,我会假设这一特性已经实现,但我想知道如何实现。
我曾经使用CShell(csh),它允许您创建一个接受参数的别名。符号有点像
alias junk="mv \\!* ~/.Trash"
在巴什,这似乎行不通。鉴于Bash有许多有用的特性,我会假设这一特性已经实现,但我想知道如何实现。
当前回答
为了尊重那些说你不能在别名中间插入参数的人,我刚刚测试了它,发现它确实有效。
alias mycommand = "python3 "$1" script.py --folderoutput RESULTS/"
然后,当我运行mycommandfoobar时,它的工作方式就好像我用长手键入了命令一样。
其他回答
实际上,函数几乎总是答案,正如手册页中的这句话所证实的:“对于几乎所有的目的,别名都被shell函数所取代。”
为了完整性,并且因为这可能是有用的(稍微更轻量级的语法),可以注意到,当参数跟随别名时,仍然可以使用它们(尽管这不能满足OP的要求)。这可能最容易用一个例子来演示:
alias ssh_disc='ssh -O stop'
允许我键入smth,如ssh_disc myhost,它按预期扩展为:ssh-O stop myhost
这对于接受复杂参数的命令很有用(我的记忆不再是以前的样子了…)
具有子命令的解决方案:
d () {
if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then
docker
return 0
fi
CMD=$1
shift
case $CMD in
p)
docker ps --all $@
;;
r)
docker run --interactive --tty $@
;;
rma)
docker container prune
docker image prune --filter "dangling=true"
;;
*)
docker $CMD $@
;;
esac
return $?
}
使用:
$ d r my_image ...
打电话:
docker run --interactive --tty my_image ...
我会发布我的(希望是好的)解决方案(对于未来的读者,最重要的是编辑)。所以,请编辑并改进/删除本文中的任何内容。
在终端中:
$ alias <name_of_your_alias>_$argname="<command> $argname"
并使用它(注意“_”后面的空格:
$<name_of_your_alias>_ $argname
例如,cat文件hello.txt的别名:
(别名为CAT_FILE_)$f(是$argname,在本例中是一个文件)
$ alias CAT_FILE_$f="cat $f"
$ echo " " >> hello.txt
$ echo "hello there!" >> hello.txt
$ echo " " >> hello.txt
$ cat hello.txt
hello there!
测试(注意“_”后面的空格):
CAT_FILE_ hello.txt
下面是我的~/.bashrc中的三个函数示例,它们本质上是接受参数的别名:
#Utility required by all below functions.
#https://stackoverflow.com/questions/369758/how-to-trim-whitespace-from-bash-variable#comment21953456_3232433
alias trim="sed -e 's/^[[:space:]]*//g' -e 's/[[:space:]]*\$//g'"
.
:<<COMMENT
Alias function for recursive deletion, with are-you-sure prompt.
Example:
srf /home/myusername/django_files/rest_tutorial/rest_venv/
Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.
Short description: Stored in SRF_DESC
With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
export HISTIGNORE="*rm -r*:srf *"
- https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash
See:
- y/n prompt: https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496
- Alias w/param: https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496
COMMENT
#SRF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
SRF_DESC="srf [path]: Recursive deletion, with y/n prompt\n"
srf() {
#Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
echo "$param"
if [ -z "$param" ] #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
then
echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
fi
#Actual line-breaks required in order to expand the variable.
#- https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496
read -r -p "About to
sudo rm -rf \"$param\"
Are you sure? [y/N] " response
response=${response,,} # tolower
if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
then
sudo rm -rf "$param"
else
echo "Cancelled."
fi
}
.
:<<COMMENT
Delete item from history based on its line number. No prompt.
Short description: Stored in HX_DESC
Examples
hx 112
hx 3
See:
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HX_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HX_DESC="hx [linenum]: Delete history item at line number\n"
hx() {
history -d "$1"
}
.
:<<COMMENT
Deletes all lines from the history that match a search string, with a
prompt. The history file is then reloaded into memory.
Short description: Stored in HXF_DESC
Examples
hxf "rm -rf"
hxf ^source
Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.
With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
export HISTIGNORE="*hxf *"
- https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash
See:
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HXF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HXF_DESC="hxf [searchterm]: Delete all history items matching search term, with y/n prompt\n"
hxf() {
#Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
echo "$param"
if [ -z "$param" ] #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
then
echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
fi
read -r -p "About to delete all items from history that match \"$param\". Are you sure? [y/N] " response
response=${response,,} # tolower
if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
then
#Delete all matched items from the file, and duplicate it to a temp
#location.
grep -v "$param" "$HISTFILE" > /tmp/history
#Clear all items in the current sessions history (in memory). This
#empties out $HISTFILE.
history -c
#Overwrite the actual history file with the temp one.
mv /tmp/history "$HISTFILE"
#Now reload it.
history -r "$HISTFILE" #Alternative: exec bash
else
echo "Cancelled."
fi
}
参考文献:
从字符串中删除空白:如何从Bash变量中删除空白?实际换行符:https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496别名w/param:https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496(这个问题的另一个答案)组氨酸:https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bashY/N提示:https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496从历史记录中删除所有匹配项:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string字符串是否为空:http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
另一种解决方案是使用标记,这是我最近创建的一个工具,它允许您将命令模板“书签”,并轻松地将光标放置在命令占位符处:
我发现,大多数时候,我都在使用shell函数,所以我不必在命令行中一次又一次地编写常用命令。在这个用例中使用函数的问题是在我的命令词汇表中添加新的术语,并且必须记住实际命令中的函数参数。标记目标是消除这种心理负担。