我发现这对查询很有用，特别是如果他们使用聚合或几个表(SQL Server)

DECLARE @query nvarchar(max) = 'select * from yourtable';
EXEC sp_describe_first_result_set @query, null, 0; 

使用SQL Server:

SELECT DATA_TYPE 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE 
     TABLE_SCHEMA = 'yourSchemaName' AND
     TABLE_NAME   = 'yourTableName' AND 
     COLUMN_NAME  = 'yourColumnName'

使用此查询获取Schema, Table, Column,Type, max_length, is_nullable

SELECT QUOTENAME(SCHEMA_NAME(tb.[schema_id])) AS 'Schema'
    ,QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(tb.[OBJECT_ID])) AS 'Table'
    ,C.NAME as 'Column'
    ,T.name AS 'Type'
    ,C.max_length
    ,C.is_nullable
FROM SYS.COLUMNS C INNER JOIN SYS.TABLES tb ON tb.[object_id] = C.[object_id]
    INNER JOIN SYS.TYPES T ON C.system_type_id = T.user_type_id
WHERE tb.[is_ms_shipped] = 0
ORDER BY tb.[Name]

要在上面的答案的基础上进行构建，获得列数据类型的格式与声明列的格式相同通常是很有用的。

例如，varchar(50)， varchar(max)， decimal(p, s)。

这允许你这样做:

SELECT 
  [Name]         = c.[name]
, [Type]         = 
    CASE 
      WHEN tp.[name] IN ('varchar', 'char', 'varbinary') THEN tp.[name] + '(' + IIF(c.max_length = -1, 'max', CAST(c.max_length AS VARCHAR(25))) + ')' 
      WHEN tp.[name] IN ('nvarchar','nchar') THEN tp.[name] + '(' + IIF(c.max_length = -1, 'max', CAST(c.max_length / 2 AS VARCHAR(25)))+ ')'      
      WHEN tp.[name] IN ('decimal', 'numeric') THEN tp.[name] + '(' + CAST(c.[precision] AS VARCHAR(25)) + ', ' + CAST(c.[scale] AS VARCHAR(25)) + ')'
      WHEN tp.[name] IN ('datetime2') THEN tp.[name] + '(' + CAST(c.[scale] AS VARCHAR(25)) + ')'
      ELSE tp.[name]
    END
, [RawType]      = tp.[name]
, [MaxLength]    = c.max_length
, [Precision]    = c.[precision]
, [Scale]        = c.scale
, [IsNullable]   = c.is_nullable
FROM sys.tables t 
JOIN sys.schemas s ON t.schema_id = s.schema_id
JOIN sys.columns c ON t.object_id = c.object_id
JOIN sys.types tp ON c.user_type_id = tp.user_type_id
WHERE s.[name] = 'dbo' AND t.[name] = 'MyTable'

USE [YourDatabaseName]
GO

SELECT column_name 'Column Name',
data_type 'Data Type'
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_name = 'YourTableName'
GO

这将返回值Column Name，显示列的名称，以及这些列的数据类型(int, varchars等)。

MS SQL的另一个选项是用你想要的类型的查询替换这里的选择查询:

declare @sql varchar(4000);

set @sql = 'select ''hi'' as greeting';

select * from master.sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set (@sql, Null, 0);