我有一个数据框架形式的相当大的数据集,我想知道我如何能够将数据框架分成两个随机样本(80%和20%)进行训练和测试。

谢谢!


当前回答

将df分成训练,验证,测试。给定增广数据的df,只选择相关列和独立列。将最近的10%的行(使用'dates'列)分配给test_df。随机将剩余行的10%分配给validate_df,其余的分配给train_df。不要重新索引。检查所有行是否都是唯一分配的。只使用本地蟒和熊猫库。

方法1:将行分割为训练、验证、测试数据框架。

train_df = augmented_df[dependent_and_independent_columns]
test_df = train_df.sort_values('dates').tail(int(len(augmented_df)*0.1)) # select latest 10% of dates for test data
train_df = train_df.drop(test_df.index) # drop rows assigned to test_df
validate_df = train_df.sample(frac=0.1) # randomly assign 10%
train_df = train_df.drop(validate_df.index) # drop rows assigned to validate_df
assert len(augmented_df) == len(set(train_df.index).union(validate_df.index).union(test_df.index)) # every row must be uniquely assigned to a df

方法2:当validate必须是train的子集时拆分行(fastai)

train_validate_test_df = augmented_df[dependent_and_independent_columns]
test_df = train_validate_test_df.loc[augmented_df.sort_values('dates').tail(int(len(augmented_df)*0.1)).index] # select latest 10% of dates for test data
train_validate_df = train_validate_test_df.drop(test_df.index) # drop rows assigned to test_df
validate_df = train_validate_df.sample(frac=validate_ratio) # assign 10% to validate_df
train_df = train_validate_df.drop(validate_df.index) # drop rows assigned to validate_df
assert len(augmented_df) == len(set(train_df.index).union(validate_df.index).union(test_df.index)) # every row must be uniquely assigned to a df
# fastai example usage
dls = fastai.tabular.all.TabularDataLoaders.from_df(
train_validate_df, valid_idx=train_validate_df.index.get_indexer_for(validate_df.index))

其他回答

我将使用scikit-learn自己的training_test_split,并从索引生成它

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split


y = df.pop('output')
X = df

X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(X.index,y,test_size=0.2)
X.iloc[X_train] # return dataframe train

你也可以考虑分层划分为训练集和测试集。设定划分也随机生成训练集和测试集,但保留了原始的类比例。这使得训练集和测试集更好地反映原始数据集的属性。

import numpy as np  

def get_train_test_inds(y,train_proportion=0.7):
    '''Generates indices, making random stratified split into training set and testing sets
    with proportions train_proportion and (1-train_proportion) of initial sample.
    y is any iterable indicating classes of each observation in the sample.
    Initial proportions of classes inside training and 
    testing sets are preserved (stratified sampling).
    '''

    y=np.array(y)
    train_inds = np.zeros(len(y),dtype=bool)
    test_inds = np.zeros(len(y),dtype=bool)
    values = np.unique(y)
    for value in values:
        value_inds = np.nonzero(y==value)[0]
        np.random.shuffle(value_inds)
        n = int(train_proportion*len(value_inds))

        train_inds[value_inds[:n]]=True
        test_inds[value_inds[n:]]=True

    return train_inds,test_inds

df[train_inds]和df[test_inds]为您提供原始DataFrame df的训练和测试集。

在我的例子中,我想用特定的数字分割训练、测试和开发中的数据帧。我在这里分享我的解决方案

首先,为数据帧分配一个唯一的id(如果已经不存在的话)

import uuid
df['id'] = [uuid.uuid4() for i in range(len(df))]

以下是我的分割数字:

train = 120765
test  = 4134
dev   = 2816

分裂函数

def df_split(df, n):
    
    first  = df.sample(n)
    second = df[~df.id.isin(list(first['id']))]
    first.reset_index(drop=True, inplace = True)
    second.reset_index(drop=True, inplace = True)
    return first, second

现在分成培训,测试,开发

train, test = df_split(df, 120765)
test, dev   = df_split(test, 4134)

Scikit Learn的train_test_split就是一个很好的例子。它将拆分numpy数组和数据框架。

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

train, test = train_test_split(df, test_size=0.2)

如果你想把它分成训练集、测试集和验证集,你可以使用这个函数:

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
import pandas as pd

def train_test_val_split(df, test_size=0.15, val_size=0.45):
    temp, test = train_test_split(df, test_size=test_size)
    total_items_count = len(df.index)
    val_length = total_items_count * val_size
    new_val_propotion = val_length / len(temp.index) 
    train, val = train_test_split(temp, test_size=new_val_propotion)
    return train, test, val