尝试一个React项目的TypeScript,我被这个错误困住了:

Element implicitly has an 'any' type because expression of type 'string' can't be used to index type '{ train_1: boolean; train_2: boolean; train_3: boolean; train_4: boolean; }'.
  No index signature with a parameter of type 'string' was found on type '{ train_1: boolean; train_2: boolean; train_3: boolean; train_4: boolean; }'

当我试图在我的组件中过滤数组时出现

.filter(({ name }) => plotOptions[name]);

到目前为止,我查看了文章“在TypeScript中索引对象”(https://dev.to/kingdaro/indexing-objects-in-typescript-1cgi),因为它有类似的错误,但我尝试将索引签名添加到类型plotTypes,我仍然得到相同的错误。

我的组件代码:

import React, { Component } from "react";
import createPlotlyComponent from "react-plotly.js/factory";
import Plotly from "plotly.js-basic-dist";
const Plot = createPlotlyComponent(Plotly);

interface IProps {
  data: any;
}

interface IState {
  [key: string]: plotTypes;
  plotOptions: plotTypes;
}

type plotTypes = {
  [key: string]: boolean;
  train_1: boolean;
  train_2: boolean;
  train_3: boolean;
  train_4: boolean;
};

interface trainInfo {
  name: string;
  x: Array<number>;
  y: Array<number>;
  type: string;
  mode: string;
}

class FiltrationPlots extends Component<IProps, IState> {
  readonly state = {
    plotOptions: {
      train_1: true,
      train_2: true,
      train_3: true,
      train_4: true
    }
  };
  render() {
    const { data } = this.props;
    const { plotOptions } = this.state;

    if (data.filtrationData) {
      const plotData: Array<trainInfo> = [
        {
          name: "train_1",
          x: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["1-CumVol"]),
          y: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["1-PressureA"]),
          type: "scatter",
          mode: "lines"
        },
        {
          name: "train_2",
          x: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["2-CumVol"]),
          y: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["2-PressureA"]),
          type: "scatter",
          mode: "lines"
        },
        {
          name: "train_3",
          x: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["3-CumVol"]),
          y: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["3-PressureA"]),
          type: "scatter",
          mode: "lines"
        },
        {
          name: "train_4",
          x: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["4-CumVol"]),
          y: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["4-PressureA"]),
          type: "scatter",
          mode: "lines"
        }
      ].filter(({ name }) => plotOptions[name]);
      return (
        <Plot
          data={plotData}
          layout={{ width: 1000, height: 1000, title: "A Fancy Plot" }}
        />
      );
    } else {
      return <h1>No Data Loaded</h1>;
    }
  }
}

export default FiltrationPlots;


当前回答

多亏了Alex Mckay,我才有了动态设置道具的决心:

  for(let prop in filter)
      (state.filter as Record<string, any>)[prop] = filter[prop];

其他回答

发生这种情况是因为您试图使用字符串名称访问plotOptions属性。TypeScript理解name可以有任何值,而不仅仅是plotOptions中的属性name。所以TypeScript需要给plotOptions添加索引签名,这样它就知道你可以在plotOptions中使用任何属性名。但我建议改变名称的类型,所以它只能是plotOptions属性之一。

interface trainInfo {
    name: keyof typeof plotOptions;
    x: Array<number>;
    y: Array<number>;
    type: string;
    mode: string;
}

现在,您将只能使用存在于plotOptions中的属性名。

您还必须稍微更改您的代码。

首先将数组赋值给某个临时变量,这样TS就知道数组类型了:

const plotDataTemp: Array<trainInfo> = [
    {
      name: "train_1",
      x: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["1-CumVol"]),
      y: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["1-PressureA"]),
      type: "scatter",
      mode: "lines"
    },
    // ...
}

然后过滤:

const plotData = plotDataTemp.filter(({ name }) => plotOptions[name]);

如果你从API获取数据,没有办法在编译时输入检查道具,唯一的方法是添加索引签名到你的plotOptions:

type tplotOptions = {
    [key: string]: boolean
}

const plotOptions: tplotOptions = {
    train_1: true,
    train_2: true,
    train_3: true,
    train_4: true
}

这就是它对我的作用。tsconfig。json有一个选项noImplicitAny,它被设置为true,我只是简单地将其设置为false,现在我可以使用字符串访问对象中的属性。

它为我工作的keyof和作为操作符:

const keys: [keyof ITrainInfo] = Object.keys(this.trainInfo) as [
    keyof ITrainInfo,
]
keys.forEach((property) => {
    // console.log(tmpUser[property])
    if (this.trainInfo === undefined) return
    if (this.trainInfo[property] !== undefined) {
        // your code here
        /*const trainsToSet = trains.find((field) => field.name === property)
        if (trainsToSet != undefined)
            trainsToSet.value = this.trainInfo[property]?.toString()
        */
    }
})

我知道这有点晚了,但它所需要的只是添加一个小类型转换,我写了一个静态函数,安全地返回具有正确类型的键数组。你只需要定义类型并将对象作为参数传递:

export class ObjectUtil {
  public static getObjectKeys<T>(obj: Object) {
    if (!obj) {
      return [];
    }

    return Object.keys(obj).map((key: string) => key as keyof T);
  }
}

下面是一个简单的例子:

ObjectUtil.getObjectKeys<Address>(address).forEach((key) => {
  console.log(address[key]);
});

这不是对原来问题的回答,而是对这个问题的一般工作。

最初的问题: 人(cr。导致此错误


我正在做一个通用的高级搜索表单,用户可以选择一个字段,比较器和所需的值。当试图根据键从对象中读取值时,我得到这个错误(尽管字段值是字符串类型,我认为它应该是好的)

我所做的就是像这样提取[key, value]

const x: [string, any] = Object.entries(person).find(([key, _]) => key === cr.field);

例如,如果我的标准(cr)是{field: 'name', value: 'John'},字段名实际上存在于一个人obj中。,它应该返回字段名和值为tuple (x是[string, any]或undef)。如果没有找到,未定义。