在Bash中,测试数组是否包含某个值的最简单方法是什么?


当前回答

没有'grep'和循环的一行检查

if ( dlm=$'\x1F' ; IFS="$dlm" ; [[ "$dlm${array[*]}$dlm" == *"$dlm${item}$dlm"* ]] ) ; then
  echo "array contains '$item'"
else
  echo "array does not contain '$item'"
fi

这种方法既不使用grep这样的外部实用程序,也不使用循环。

这里发生的是:

we use a wildcard substring matcher to find our item in the array that is concatenated into a string; we cut off possible false positives by enclosing our search item between a pair of delimiters; we use a non-printable character as delimiter, to be on the safe side; we achieve our delimiter being used for array concatenation too by temporary replacement of the IFS variable value; we make this IFS value replacement temporary by evaluating our conditional expression in a sub-shell (inside a pair of parentheses)

其他回答

一行的解决方案

printf '%s\0' "${myarray[@]}" | grep -F -x -z -- 'myvalue'

解释

printf语句打印数组中的每个元素,以空字符分隔。

grep语句使用以下标志来匹配一个包含myvalue字符串的项(不多不少):

-z/——null-data -行以0字节而不是换行符结束。 -f /——fixed-strings -将pattern解释为固定字符串,而不是正则表达式。 -x/——line-regexp -只选择与整行完全匹配的匹配项。 ——-标记命令行选项的结束,使Grep处理“myvalue”作为一个非选项参数,即使它以破折号开始

为什么我们使用空字节\0而不是换行符\n?数组的元素实际上可能包含换行符。(如果您知道它没有,请随意删除-z grep选项,并将%s\n替换为您的第一个printf参数。)


使用

把这个放进一个if…然后声明:

if printf '%s\0' "${myarray[@]}" | grep -Fxqz -- 'myvalue'; then
    # ...
fi

我在grep表达式中添加了-q标志,这样它就不会打印匹配项;它只会将匹配的存在视为“真”。

更新:感谢presto8指出——line-regexp标志。谢谢Tino,你指出了数组项中可以存在换行符的情况。

下面是实现这一点的一个小函数。搜索字符串是第一个参数,其余是数组元素:

set +e #otherwise the script will exit on error
containsElement () {
  local e match="$1"
  shift
  for e; do [[ "$e" == "$match" ]] && return 0; done
  return 1
}

该函数的测试运行如下:

$ array=("something to search for" "a string" "test2000")
$ containsElement "a string" "${array[@]}"
$ echo $?
0
$ containsElement "blaha" "${array[@]}"
$ echo $?
1

这对我来说很管用:

# traditional system call return values-- used in an `if`, this will be true when returning 0. Very Odd.
contains () {
    # odd syntax here for passing array parameters: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8082947/how-to-pass-an-array-to-a-bash-function
    local list=$1[@]
    local elem=$2

    # echo "list" ${!list}
    # echo "elem" $elem

    for i in "${!list}"
    do
        # echo "Checking to see if" "$i" "is the same as" "${elem}"
        if [ "$i" == "${elem}" ] ; then
            # echo "$i" "was the same as" "${elem}"
            return 0
        fi
    done

    # echo "Could not find element"
    return 1
}

示例调用:

arr=("abc" "xyz" "123")
if contains arr "abcx"; then
    echo "Yes"
else
    echo "No"
fi

结合Beorn Harris和loentar的回答,我们得出了一个更有趣的单行测试:

delim=$'\x1F' # define a control code to be used as more or less reliable delimiter
if [[ "${delim}${array[@]}${delim}" =~ "${delim}a string to test${delim}" ]]; then
    echo "contains 'a string to test'"
fi

它不使用额外的函数,不替换测试,并添加了额外的保护,防止使用控制代码作为分隔符偶尔出现错误匹配。


UPD:感谢@ChrisCogdon的注意,这个错误的代码被重写并以https://stackoverflow.com/a/58527681/972463的形式发布。

没有'grep'和循环的一行检查

if ( dlm=$'\x1F' ; IFS="$dlm" ; [[ "$dlm${array[*]}$dlm" == *"$dlm${item}$dlm"* ]] ) ; then
  echo "array contains '$item'"
else
  echo "array does not contain '$item'"
fi

这种方法既不使用grep这样的外部实用程序,也不使用循环。

这里发生的是:

we use a wildcard substring matcher to find our item in the array that is concatenated into a string; we cut off possible false positives by enclosing our search item between a pair of delimiters; we use a non-printable character as delimiter, to be on the safe side; we achieve our delimiter being used for array concatenation too by temporary replacement of the IFS variable value; we make this IFS value replacement temporary by evaluating our conditional expression in a sub-shell (inside a pair of parentheses)