The Strategy pattern is really about having a different implementation that accomplishes (basically) the same thing, so that one implementation can replace the other as the strategy requires. For example, you might have different sorting algorithms in a strategy pattern. The callers to the object does not change based on which strategy is being employed, but regardless of strategy the goal is the same (sort the collection). The State pattern is about doing different things based on the state, while leaving the caller relieved from the burden of accommodating every possible state. So for example you might have a getStatus() method that will return different statuses based on the state of the object, but the caller of the method doesn't have to be coded differently to account for each potential state.

老实说，这两种模式在实践中非常相似，它们之间的定义差异往往取决于你问谁。一些流行的选择是:

状态存储对包含它们的上下文对象的引用。战略则不然。 状态可以替换自己(IE:将上下文对象的状态更改为其他状态)，而策略则不能。 策略作为参数传递给上下文对象，而状态由上下文对象本身创建。 策略只处理一个特定的任务，而状态为上下文对象所做的所有(或几乎所有)事情提供底层实现。

一个“经典”的实现将匹配列表中的每个道具的状态或策略，但你也会遇到混合了两者的情况。具体是国家层面的还是战略层面的，最终是一个主观问题。

这两种模式都委托给一个基类，这个基类有几个派生类，但是只有在State模式中，这些派生类才保留对上下文类的引用。

从另一个角度来看，战略模式是国家模式的简单版本;如果你愿意，也可以称之为子模式。这实际上取决于你是否希望派生状态保留对上下文的引用(即:你是否希望它们调用上下文上的方法)。

更多信息:Robert C Martin (& Micah Martin)在他们的书《c#中的敏捷原则、模式和实践》中回答了这个问题。(http://www.amazon.com/Agile-Principles-Patterns-Practices-C/dp/0131857258)

The Strategy pattern is really about having a different implementation that accomplishes (basically) the same thing, so that one implementation can replace the other as the strategy requires. For example, you might have different sorting algorithms in a strategy pattern. The callers to the object does not change based on which strategy is being employed, but regardless of strategy the goal is the same (sort the collection). The State pattern is about doing different things based on the state, while leaving the caller relieved from the burden of accommodating every possible state. So for example you might have a getStatus() method that will return different statuses based on the state of the object, but the caller of the method doesn't have to be coded differently to account for each potential state.

简而言之，使用策略模式，我们可以动态地设置一些行为，使用状态模式，我们可以确定，对象将随着状态的变化而在内部改变其行为。

战略模式和状态模式具有相同的结构。如果您查看两种模式的UML类图，它们看起来完全相同，但是它们的意图完全不同。状态设计模式用于定义和管理对象的状态，而策略模式用于定义一组可互换的算法，并让客户选择其中之一。因此，策略模式是客户端驱动的模式，而对象可以管理自己的状态。