我发现这篇文章很有用。特别是下面的例子:

#!/usr/bin/ruby

def test
  yield 5
  puts "You are in the method test"
  yield 100
end

test {|i| puts "You are in the block #{i}"}

test do |i|
    puts "You are in the block #{i}"
end

它应该给出以下输出:

You are in the block 5
You are in the method test
You are in the block 100
You are in the block 5
You are in the method test
You are in the block 100

因此，本质上，每次调用yield ruby时，都会运行do块或{}内部的代码。如果提供了一个参数来yield，那么它将作为参数提供给do块。

对我来说，这是我第一次真正理解do模块在做什么。它基本上是函数访问内部数据结构的一种方式，无论是用于迭代还是用于函数配置。

所以在rails中，你可以这样写:

respond_to do |format|
  format.html { render template: "my/view", layout: 'my_layout' }
end

This will run the respond_to function which yields the do block with the (internal) format parameter. You then call the .html function on this internal variable which in turn yields the code block to run the render command. Note that .html will only yield if it is the file format requested. (technicality: these functions actually use block.call not yield as you can see from the source but the functionality is essentially the same, see this question for a discussion.) This provides a way for the function to perform some initialisation then take input from the calling code and then carry on processing if required.

或者换句话说，它类似于一个函数以匿名函数作为参数，然后在javascript中调用它。

是的，一开始有点令人费解。

在Ruby中，方法可以接收一个代码块，以便执行任意的代码段。

当一个方法需要一个块时，可以通过调用yield函数来调用它。

例子:

以Person为例，它是一个具有name属性和do_with_name方法的类。当调用该方法时，它将把name属性传递给块。

class Person 
    def initialize( name ) 
         @name = name
    end

    def do_with_name   # expects a block
        yield( @name ) # invoke the block and pass the `@name` attribute
    end
end

现在可以调用此方法并传递任意代码块。

person = Person.new("Oscar")

# Invoking the method passing a block to print the value
person.do_with_name do |value|
    puts "Got: #{value}"
end

将打印:

Got: Oscar

注意，块接收一个名为value的变量作为参数。当代码调用yield时，它将@name的值作为参数传递。

yield( @name )

相同的方法可以用不同的块调用。

例如反转名称:

reversed_name = ""

# Invoke the method passing a different block
person.do_with_name do |value| 
    reversed_name = value.reverse
end

puts reversed_name

=> "racsO"

其他更有趣的现实生活例子:

数组中的筛选元素:

 days = ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday"]  

 # Select those which start with 'T' 
 days.select do | item |
     item.match /^T/
 end

=> ["Tuesday", "Thursday"]

或按名称长度排序:

 days.sort do |x,y|
    x.size <=> y.size
 end

=> ["Monday", "Friday", "Tuesday", "Thursday", "Wednesday"]

如果块是可选的，你可以使用:

yield(value) if block_given?

如果不是可选的，只需调用它。

您可以在您的计算机上使用irb(交互式Ruby Shell)尝试这些示例。

以下是复制/粘贴表单中的所有示例:

class Person 
    def initialize( name ) 
         @name = name
    end

    def do_with_name   # expects a block
        yield( @name ) # invoke the block and pass the `@name` attribute
    end
end


person = Person.new("Oscar")

# Invoking the method passing a block to print the value
person.do_with_name do |value|
    puts "Got: #{value}"
end


reversed_name = ""

# Invoke the method passing a different block
person.do_with_name do |value| 
    reversed_name = value.reverse
end

puts reversed_name



# Filter elements in an array:    
days = ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday"]  

# Select those which start with 'T' 
days.select do | item |
    item.match /^T/
end



# Sort by name length:     
days.sort do |x,y|
   x.size <=> y.size
end

简单地说，yield允许您创建的方法获取和调用块。yield关键字是块中'stuff'将被执行的位置。

Yield可以用作在方法中返回值的无名块。考虑下面的代码:

Def Up(anarg)
  yield(anarg)
end

您可以创建一个方法“Up”，它被分配了一个参数。你现在可以将这个参数赋值给yield，它将调用并执行一个相关的块。您可以在参数列表之后分配块。

Up("Here is a string"){|x| x.reverse!; puts(x)}

当Up方法调用带有参数的yield时，它被传递给块变量以处理请求。

我发现这篇文章很有用。特别是下面的例子:

#!/usr/bin/ruby

def test
  yield 5
  puts "You are in the method test"
  yield 100
end

test {|i| puts "You are in the block #{i}"}

test do |i|
    puts "You are in the block #{i}"
end

它应该给出以下输出:

You are in the block 5
You are in the method test
You are in the block 100
You are in the block 5
You are in the method test
You are in the block 100

因此，本质上，每次调用yield ruby时，都会运行do块或{}内部的代码。如果提供了一个参数来yield，那么它将作为参数提供给do块。

对我来说，这是我第一次真正理解do模块在做什么。它基本上是函数访问内部数据结构的一种方式，无论是用于迭代还是用于函数配置。

所以在rails中，你可以这样写:

respond_to do |format|
  format.html { render template: "my/view", layout: 'my_layout' }
end

This will run the respond_to function which yields the do block with the (internal) format parameter. You then call the .html function on this internal variable which in turn yields the code block to run the render command. Note that .html will only yield if it is the file format requested. (technicality: these functions actually use block.call not yield as you can see from the source but the functionality is essentially the same, see this question for a discussion.) This provides a way for the function to perform some initialisation then take input from the calling code and then carry on processing if required.

或者换句话说，它类似于一个函数以匿名函数作为参数，然后在javascript中调用它。

我有时会这样使用yield:

def add_to_http
   "http://#{yield}"
end

puts add_to_http { "www.example.com" }
puts add_to_http { "www.victim.com"}