Swift 4•iOS 11.2.1或更高版本

extension ISO8601DateFormatter {
    convenience init(_ formatOptions: Options) {
        self.init()
        self.formatOptions = formatOptions
    }
}

extension Formatter {
    static let iso8601withFractionalSeconds = ISO8601DateFormatter([.withInternetDateTime, .withFractionalSeconds])
}

extension Date {
    var iso8601withFractionalSeconds: String { return Formatter.iso8601withFractionalSeconds.string(from: self) }
}

extension String {
    var iso8601withFractionalSeconds: Date? { return Formatter.iso8601withFractionalSeconds.date(from: self) }
}

用法:

Date().description(with: .current)  //  Tuesday, February 5, 2019 at 10:35:01 PM Brasilia Summer Time"
let dateString = Date().iso8601withFractionalSeconds   //  "2019-02-06T00:35:01.746Z"

if let date = dateString.iso8601withFractionalSeconds {
    date.description(with: .current) // "Tuesday, February 5, 2019 at 10:35:01 PM Brasilia Summer Time"
    print(date.iso8601withFractionalSeconds)           //  "2019-02-06T00:35:01.746Z\n"
}

iOS 9•Swift 3或更高版本

extension Formatter {
    static let iso8601withFractionalSeconds: DateFormatter = {
        let formatter = DateFormatter()
        formatter.calendar = Calendar(identifier: .iso8601)
        formatter.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")
        formatter.timeZone = TimeZone(secondsFromGMT: 0)
        formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXXXX"
        return formatter
    }()
}

Codable协议 如果您需要编码和解码此格式时使用Codable 协议，您可以创建自己的自定义日期编码/解码策略:

extension JSONDecoder.DateDecodingStrategy {
    static let iso8601withFractionalSeconds = custom {
        let container = try $0.singleValueContainer()
        let string = try container.decode(String.self)
        guard let date = Formatter.iso8601withFractionalSeconds.date(from: string) else {
            throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(in: container,
                  debugDescription: "Invalid date: " + string)
        }
        return date
    }
}

以及编码策略

extension JSONEncoder.DateEncodingStrategy {
    static let iso8601withFractionalSeconds = custom {
        var container = $1.singleValueContainer()
        try container.encode(Formatter.iso8601withFractionalSeconds.string(from: $0))
    }
}

操场上测试

let dates = [Date()]   // ["Feb 8, 2019 at 9:48 PM"]

编码

let encoder = JSONEncoder()
encoder.dateEncodingStrategy = .iso8601withFractionalSeconds
let data = try! encoder.encode(dates)
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)

解码

let decoder = JSONDecoder()
decoder.dateDecodingStrategy = .iso8601withFractionalSeconds
let decodedDates = try! decoder.decode([Date].self, from: data)  // ["Feb 8, 2019 at 9:48 PM"]

为了补充Leo Dabus的版本，我增加了对Swift和Objective-C编写的项目的支持，也增加了对可选毫秒的支持，可能不是最好的，但你会明白的:

Xcode 8和Swift 3

extension Date {
    struct Formatter {
        static let iso8601: DateFormatter = {
            let formatter = DateFormatter()
            formatter.calendar = Calendar(identifier: .iso8601)
            formatter.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")
            formatter.timeZone = TimeZone(secondsFromGMT: 0)
            formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXXXX"
            return formatter
        }()
    }

    var iso8601: String {
        return Formatter.iso8601.string(from: self)
    }
}


extension String {
    var dateFromISO8601: Date? {
        var data = self
        if self.range(of: ".") == nil {
            // Case where the string doesn't contain the optional milliseconds
            data = data.replacingOccurrences(of: "Z", with: ".000000Z")
        }
        return Date.Formatter.iso8601.date(from: data)
    }
}


extension NSString {
    var dateFromISO8601: Date? {
        return (self as String).dateFromISO8601
    }
}

请记住按照Technical Q&A1480中的描述将区域设置为en_US_POSIX。在Swift 3中:

let date = Date()
let formatter = DateFormatter()
formatter.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")
formatter.timeZone = TimeZone(secondsFromGMT: 0)
formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZZZZZ"
print(formatter.string(from: date))

问题是，如果您在使用非公历的设备上，年份将不符合RFC3339/ISO8601，除非您指定区域设置以及timeZone和dateFormat字符串。

或者你可以使用ISO8601DateFormatter来让你自己摆脱设置locale和timeZone的麻烦:

let date = Date()
let formatter = ISO8601DateFormatter()
formatter.formatOptions.insert(.withFractionalSeconds)  // this is only available effective iOS 11 and macOS 10.13
print(formatter.string(from: date))

对于Swift 2的演绎，请参见此答案的先前修订。

斯威夫特5

如果你的目标系统是iOS 11.0+ / macOS 10.13+，你只需使用带有withInternetDateTime和withFractionalSeconds选项的ISO8601DateFormatter，如下所示:

let date = Date()

let iso8601DateFormatter = ISO8601DateFormatter()
iso8601DateFormatter.formatOptions = [.withInternetDateTime, .withFractionalSeconds]
let string = iso8601DateFormatter.string(from: date)

// string looks like "2020-03-04T21:39:02.112Z"

为了进一步赞扬Andrés托雷斯Marroquín和利奥·达布斯，我有一个保留小数秒的版本。我在任何地方都找不到它的文档，但苹果在输入和输出上都将小数秒截断为微秒(3位精度)(即使使用SSSSSSS指定，与Unicode tr35-31相反)。

我应该强调，对于大多数用例来说，这可能不是必需的。在线约会通常不需要毫秒级的精度，如果需要，使用不同的数据格式通常会更好。但有时必须以特定的方式与预先存在的系统进行互操作。

Xcode 8/9和Swift 3.0-3.2

extension Date {
    struct Formatter {
        static let iso8601: DateFormatter = {
            let formatter = DateFormatter()
            formatter.calendar = Calendar(identifier: .iso8601)
            formatter.locale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")
            formatter.timeZone = TimeZone(identifier: "UTC")
            formatter.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSSSSXXXXX"
            return formatter
        }()
    }

    var iso8601: String {
        // create base Date format 
         var formatted = DateFormatter.iso8601.string(from: self)

        // Apple returns millisecond precision. find the range of the decimal portion
         if let fractionStart = formatted.range(of: "."),
             let fractionEnd = formatted.index(fractionStart.lowerBound, offsetBy: 7, limitedBy: formatted.endIndex) {
             let fractionRange = fractionStart.lowerBound..<fractionEnd
            // replace the decimal range with our own 6 digit fraction output
             let microseconds = self.timeIntervalSince1970 - floor(self.timeIntervalSince1970)
             var microsecondsStr = String(format: "%.06f", microseconds)
             microsecondsStr.remove(at: microsecondsStr.startIndex)
             formatted.replaceSubrange(fractionRange, with: microsecondsStr)
        }
         return formatted
    }
}

extension String {
    var dateFromISO8601: Date? {
        guard let parsedDate = Date.Formatter.iso8601.date(from: self) else {
            return nil
        }

        var preliminaryDate = Date(timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate: floor(parsedDate.timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate))

        if let fractionStart = self.range(of: "."),
            let fractionEnd = self.index(fractionStart.lowerBound, offsetBy: 7, limitedBy: self.endIndex) {
            let fractionRange = fractionStart.lowerBound..<fractionEnd
            let fractionStr = self.substring(with: fractionRange)

            if var fraction = Double(fractionStr) {
                fraction = Double(floor(1000000*fraction)/1000000)
                preliminaryDate.addTimeInterval(fraction)
            }
        }
        return preliminaryDate
    }
}

没有一些手动字符串掩码或时间格式化器

import Foundation

struct DateISO: Codable {
    var date: Date
}

extension Date{
    var isoString: String {
        let encoder = JSONEncoder()
        encoder.dateEncodingStrategy = .iso8601
        guard let data = try? encoder.encode(DateISO(date: self)),
        let json = try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: .allowFragments) as?  [String: String]
            else { return "" }
        return json?.first?.value ?? ""
    }
}

let dateString = Date().isoString