Image相当于OOP中的类定义，层是该类的不同方法和属性。

容器是图像的实际实例化，就像对象是实例化或类的实例一样。

映像是构建容器(正在运行的实例)的蓝图。

*在docker中，镜像是一个不可变的文件，它包含docker应用程序运行所需的源代码和信息。它可以独立于容器而存在。

Docker容器是在运行时创建的虚拟化环境，需要镜像才能运行。docker网站上有一张图片显示了这种关系:

I would like to fill the missing part here between docker images and containers. Docker uses a union file system (UFS) for containers, which allows multiple filesystems to be mounted in a hierarchy and to appear as a single filesystem. The filesystem from the image has been mounted as a read-only layer, and any changes to the running container are made to a read-write layer mounted on top of this. Because of this, Docker only has to look at the topmost read-write layer to find the changes made to the running system.

就像对象是面向对象编程语言中类的实例一样，Docker容器也是Docker映像的实例。

对于一个虚拟的编程类比，你可以认为Docker有一个抽象的ImageFactory，它保存着它们来自存储的ImageFactory。

然后，一旦你想从ImageFactory中创建一个应用程序，你就有了一个新的容器，你可以随心所欲地修改它。DotNetImageFactory将是不可变的，因为它作为一个抽象工厂类，在那里它只交付您想要的实例。

IContainer newDotNetApp = ImageFactory.DotNetImageFactory.CreateNew(appOptions);
newDotNetApp.ChangeDescription("I am making changes on this instance");
newDotNetApp.Run();