我把我自己的解决方案留在这里，这是一个变通办法，因为问题似乎是FragmentPagerAdapter不清理之前的片段，你可以添加到ViewPager，在片段管理器。所以，在添加FragmentPagerAdapter之前，我创建了一个方法来执行:

(在我的情况下，我从来没有添加超过3个片段，但你可以使用例如getFragmentManager(). getbackstackentrycount()，并检查所有的片段。

/**
 * this method is solving a bug in FragmentPagerAdapter which don't delete in the fragment manager any previous fragments in a ViewPager.
 *
 * @param containerId
 */
public void cleanBackStack(long containerId) {
    FragmentTransaction transaction = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
        String tag = "android:switcher:" + containerId + ":" + i;
        Fragment f = getFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(tag);
        if (f != null) {
            transaction.remove(f);
        }
    }
    transaction.commit();
}

我知道这是一种变通方法，因为如果框架创建标签的方式发生变化，它将停止工作。

(当前为"android:switcher:" + containerId + ":" + i ")

那么使用方法是在得到容器之后:

ViewPager viewPager = (ViewPager) view.findViewById(R.id.view_pager);
cleanBackStack(viewPager.getId());

你只需要这段简单的代码:

代码:

private void updateAdapter() {
    if (adapterViewPager != null) {
        int from = vpMyViewPager.getCurrentItem() - vpMyViewPager.getOffscreenPageLimit();
        int to = vpMyViewPager.getCurrentItem() + vpMyViewPager.getOffscreenPageLimit();
        vpMyViewPager.removeAllViews();
        for (int i = from; i <= to; i++) {
            if (i < 0) {
                continue;
            }
            adapterViewPager.instantiateItem(vpMyViewPager, i);
        }
    }
}

解释:

If you haven't changed offscreenPageLimit of the ViewPager, it always has 3 to 4 children depending on which direction you are going. And in order to show the correct content inside its children, it uses the adapter to get the right content. now when you call removeAllViews() on your ViewPager, only 3 to 4 Views are actually being removed from the Window's hierarchy, and by calling instantiateItem(ViewGroup viewPager, int index), you are only recreating 3 to 4 Views. Then everything is back to normal, you swipe and scroll, the ViewPager shows contents using its adapter. The number of its children is not the same on all devices in all situations, for example if you set the offscreenPageLimit to 5, it will probably have around 11 to 12 children, but that's all, it's not much. it's fast.

感谢瑞。阿劳霍和阿尔瓦罗路易斯布斯塔曼特。首先，我尝试使用rui。阿劳霍的方法，因为很简单。它可以工作，但当数据发生变化时，页面会明显重绘。这很糟糕，所以我试着用布斯塔曼特的方法。它是完美的。代码如下:

@Override
protected void onStart() {
    super.onStart();
}

private class TabPagerAdapter extends PagerAdapter {
    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return 4;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isViewFromObject(final View view, final Object object) {
        return view.equals(object);
    }

    @Override
    public void destroyItem(final View container, final int position, final Object object) {
        ((ViewPager) container).removeView((View) object);
    }

    @Override
    public Object instantiateItem(final ViewGroup container, final int position) {
        final View view = LayoutInflater.from(
                getBaseContext()).inflate(R.layout.activity_approval, null, false);
        container.addView(view);
        ListView listView = (ListView) view.findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        view.setTag(position);
        new ShowContentListTask(listView, position).execute();
        return view;
    }
}

当数据发生变化时:

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    View view = contentViewPager.findViewWithTag(i);
    if (view != null) {
        ListView listView = (ListView) view.findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        new ShowContentListTask(listView, i).execute();
    }
}

在我的情况下，在我的Viewpager中有一个textView，在mainActivity中单击按钮，我想改变textView的颜色并更新pagerAdapter。在按钮上单击“我在SharedPreference中保存了颜色”，并更新pagerAdapter，它可以更新从共享首选项中获取的颜色。我用下面的方式更新viewPager视图。

btn_purple.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                int color = ContextCompat.getColor(mContext, R.color.colorPrimaryDark2);
                editor.putInt("sahittoFontColor", color);
                editor.apply();
                toNotifyDatasetChanged();
            }
        });

现在更新方法:

 private  void  toNotifyDatasetChanged (){
        if(viewPager!=null&& pagerAdapter!=null) {
            viewPager.setAdapter(null);
            viewPager.setAdapter(pagerAdapter);
           
        }

    }

我的pagerAdapter是:

pagerAdapter = new  Sahitto_ViewPagerAdapter (mContext, filenameParameter, 30, lineList);
                        viewPager.setAdapter(pagerAdapter);

并且在instantiateItem was(在PagerAdapter中):

    SharedPreferences settings = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(mContext);
    int   bnfntcolor=settings.getInt("sahittoFontColor", 0);
if (bnfntcolor!=0){
    textView.setTextColor(bnfntcolor);
}

因此，当我点击按钮，颜色立即改变在pagerAdapter的Textview。

快乐的编码。

经过几个小时的挫折，同时尝试所有上述解决方案来克服这个问题，也尝试了其他类似问题的许多解决方案，比如这个，这个，这些都失败了，我解决了这个问题，并使ViewPager破坏旧的片段，并用新的片段填充分页器。我解决的问题如下:

1)使ViewPager类扩展FragmentPagerAdapter，如下:

 public class myPagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {

2)为存储标题和片段的ViewPager创建一个Item，如下所示:

public class PagerItem {
private String mTitle;
private Fragment mFragment;


public PagerItem(String mTitle, Fragment mFragment) {
    this.mTitle = mTitle;
    this.mFragment = mFragment;
}
public String getTitle() {
    return mTitle;
}
public Fragment getFragment() {
    return mFragment;
}
public void setTitle(String mTitle) {
    this.mTitle = mTitle;
}

public void setFragment(Fragment mFragment) {
    this.mFragment = mFragment;
}

}

3)让ViewPager的构造函数把我的FragmentManager实例存储在我的类中，如下所示:

private FragmentManager mFragmentManager;
private ArrayList<PagerItem> mPagerItems;

public MyPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fragmentManager, ArrayList<PagerItem> pagerItems) {
    super(fragmentManager);
    mFragmentManager = fragmentManager;
    mPagerItems = pagerItems;
}

4)创建一个方法，通过直接从fragmentManager本身删除之前的所有片段，用新数据重新设置适配器数据，使适配器再次从新列表中设置新片段，如下所示:

public void setPagerItems(ArrayList<PagerItem> pagerItems) {
    if (mPagerItems != null)
        for (int i = 0; i < mPagerItems.size(); i++) {
            mFragmentManager.beginTransaction().remove(mPagerItems.get(i).getFragment()).commit();
        }
    mPagerItems = pagerItems;
}

5)从容器Activity或Fragment中，不要用新的数据重新初始化适配器。使用setPagerItems方法设置新数据，如下所示:

ArrayList<PagerItem> pagerItems = new ArrayList<PagerItem>();
pagerItems.add(new PagerItem("Fragment1", new MyFragment1()));
pagerItems.add(new PagerItem("Fragment2", new MyFragment2()));

mPagerAdapter.setPagerItems(pagerItems);
mPagerAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

我希望这能有所帮助。

This is for all those like me, which need to update the Viewpager from a service (or other background thread) and none of the proposals have worked: After a bit of logchecking i realized, that the notifyDataSetChanged() method never returns. getItemPosition(Object object) is called an all ends there without further processing. Then i found in the docs of the parent PagerAdapter class (is not in the docs of the subclasses), "Data set changes must occur on the main thread and must end with a call to notifyDataSetChanged() ". So, the working solution in this case was (using FragmentStatePagerAdapter and getItemPosition(Object object) set to return POSITION_NONE) :

然后调用notifyDataSetChanged():

runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
         @Override
         public void run() {
             pager.getAdapter().notifyDataSetChanged();
         }
     });