这是面试问题。

子类继承private吗 字段?

我的回答是“不”,因为我们不能使用“正常的面向对象的方式”访问它们。但是采访者认为它们是继承的,因为我们可以间接或使用反射访问这些字段,并且它们仍然存在于对象中。

回来后,我在javadoc中找到了以下引用:

超类中的私人成员 一个 子类不继承私有 父类的成员。

你知道面试官观点的论据吗?


当前回答

例如,

class Person {
    private String name;

    public String getName () {
        return this.name;
    }

    Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}
public class Student extends Person {

    Student(String name) {
        super(name);
    }
    
    public String getStudentName() {
        return this.getName(); // works
        // "return this.name;" doesn't work, and the error is "The field Person.name is not visible"

    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student s = new Student("Bill");

        String name = s.getName(); // works
        // "String name = s.name;" doesn't work, and the error is "The field Person.name is not visible"

        System.out.println(name);
    }
}

其他回答

子类不继承父类的私有成员。但是,如果父类具有用于访问其私有字段的公共或受保护方法,则子类也可以使用这些方法。

我们可以简单地声明,当父类被继承时,父类的私有成员实际上成为子类的私有成员,并且不能被进一步继承或子类的对象不可访问。

例如,

class Person {
    private String name;

    public String getName () {
        return this.name;
    }

    Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}
public class Student extends Person {

    Student(String name) {
        super(name);
    }
    
    public String getStudentName() {
        return this.getName(); // works
        // "return this.name;" doesn't work, and the error is "The field Person.name is not visible"

    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student s = new Student("Bill");

        String name = s.getName(); // works
        // "String name = s.name;" doesn't work, and the error is "The field Person.name is not visible"

        System.out.println(name);
    }
}

It would seem that a subclass does inherit the private fields in that these very fields are utilized in the inner workings of the subclass (philosophically speaking). A subclass, in its constructor, calls the superclass constructor. The superclass private fields are obviously inherited by the subclass calling the superclass constructor if the superclass constructor has initialized these fields in its constructor. That's just an example. But of course without accessor methods the subclass cannot access the superclass private fields (it's like not being able to pop the back panel of an iPhone to take the battery out to reset the phone... but the battery is still there).

PS 我遇到的关于继承的许多定义之一是: “继承——一种编程技术,允许派生类扩展基类的功能,继承其所有的STATE(重点是我的)和行为。”

私有字段即使不能被子类访问,也是父类的继承状态。

这取决于你对“继承”的定义。子类在内存中仍然有字段吗?肯定。它能直接访问它们吗?不。这只是定义的微妙之处;关键是要理解到底发生了什么。