我正在寻找一种简单的方法来获得mime类型，其中文件扩展名是不正确的或没有给出，类似于这个问题只有在. net。
当前回答
I think the right answer is a combination of Steve Morgan's and Serguei's answers. That's how Internet Explorer does it. The pinvoke call to FindMimeFromData works for only 26 hard-coded mime types. Also, it will give ambigous mime types (such as text/plain or application/octet-stream) even though there may exist a more specific, more appropriate mime type. If it fails to give a good mime type, you can go to the registry for a more specific mime type. The server registry could have more up-to-date mime types.
参考网址:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms775147(VS.85).aspx
其他回答
这个答案是作者的答案(Richard Gourlay)的副本，但改进了解决iis8 / win2012上的问题(其中函数会导致应用程序池崩溃)，基于Rohland的评论指向http://www.pinvoke.net/default.aspx/urlmon.findmimefromdata
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
...
public static string GetMimeFromFile(string filename)
{
if (!File.Exists(filename))
throw new FileNotFoundException(filename + " not found");
const int maxContent = 256;
var buffer = new byte[maxContent];
using (var fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open))
{
if (fs.Length >= maxContent)
fs.Read(buffer, 0, maxContent);
else
fs.Read(buffer, 0, (int) fs.Length);
}
var mimeTypePtr = IntPtr.Zero;
try
{
var result = FindMimeFromData(IntPtr.Zero, null, buffer, maxContent, null, 0, out mimeTypePtr, 0);
if (result != 0)
{
Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(mimeTypePtr);
throw Marshal.GetExceptionForHR(result);
}
var mime = Marshal.PtrToStringUni(mimeTypePtr);
Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(mimeTypePtr);
return mime;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
if (mimeTypePtr != IntPtr.Zero)
{
Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(mimeTypePtr);
}
return "unknown/unknown";
}
}
[DllImport("urlmon.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, ExactSpelling = true, SetLastError = false)]
private static extern int FindMimeFromData(IntPtr pBC,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string pwzUrl,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPArray, ArraySubType = UnmanagedType.I1, SizeParamIndex = 3)] byte[] pBuffer,
int cbSize,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string pwzMimeProposed,
int dwMimeFlags,
out IntPtr ppwzMimeOut,
int dwReserved);
编辑:只需使用Mime侦探
我使用字节数组序列来确定给定文件的正确MIME类型。与只查看文件名的文件扩展名相比，这样做的好处是，如果用户要重命名一个文件以绕过某些文件类型的上传限制，则文件扩展名将无法捕捉到这一点。另一方面，通过字节数组获取文件签名将阻止这种有害行为的发生。
下面是c#中的一个例子:
public class MimeType
{
private static readonly byte[] BMP = { 66, 77 };
private static readonly byte[] DOC = { 208, 207, 17, 224, 161, 177, 26, 225 };
private static readonly byte[] EXE_DLL = { 77, 90 };
private static readonly byte[] GIF = { 71, 73, 70, 56 };
private static readonly byte[] ICO = { 0, 0, 1, 0 };
private static readonly byte[] JPG = { 255, 216, 255 };
private static readonly byte[] MP3 = { 255, 251, 48 };
private static readonly byte[] OGG = { 79, 103, 103, 83, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
private static readonly byte[] PDF = { 37, 80, 68, 70, 45, 49, 46 };
private static readonly byte[] PNG = { 137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10, 0, 0, 0, 13, 73, 72, 68, 82 };
private static readonly byte[] RAR = { 82, 97, 114, 33, 26, 7, 0 };
private static readonly byte[] SWF = { 70, 87, 83 };
private static readonly byte[] TIFF = { 73, 73, 42, 0 };
private static readonly byte[] TORRENT = { 100, 56, 58, 97, 110, 110, 111, 117, 110, 99, 101 };
private static readonly byte[] TTF = { 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 };
private static readonly byte[] WAV_AVI = { 82, 73, 70, 70 };
private static readonly byte[] WMV_WMA = { 48, 38, 178, 117, 142, 102, 207, 17, 166, 217, 0, 170, 0, 98, 206, 108 };
private static readonly byte[] ZIP_DOCX = { 80, 75, 3, 4 };
public static string GetMimeType(byte[] file, string fileName)
{
string mime = "application/octet-stream"; //DEFAULT UNKNOWN MIME TYPE
//Ensure that the filename isn't empty or null
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fileName))
{
return mime;
}
//Get the file extension
string extension = Path.GetExtension(fileName) == null
? string.Empty
: Path.GetExtension(fileName).ToUpper();
//Get the MIME Type
if (file.Take(2).SequenceEqual(BMP))
{
mime = "image/bmp";
}
else if (file.Take(8).SequenceEqual(DOC))
{
mime = "application/msword";
}
else if (file.Take(2).SequenceEqual(EXE_DLL))
{
mime = "application/x-msdownload"; //both use same mime type
}
else if (file.Take(4).SequenceEqual(GIF))
{
mime = "image/gif";
}
else if (file.Take(4).SequenceEqual(ICO))
{
mime = "image/x-icon";
}
else if (file.Take(3).SequenceEqual(JPG))
{
mime = "image/jpeg";
}
else if (file.Take(3).SequenceEqual(MP3))
{
mime = "audio/mpeg";
}
else if (file.Take(14).SequenceEqual(OGG))
{
if (extension == ".OGX")
{
mime = "application/ogg";
}
else if (extension == ".OGA")
{
mime = "audio/ogg";
}
else
{
mime = "video/ogg";
}
}
else if (file.Take(7).SequenceEqual(PDF))
{
mime = "application/pdf";
}
else if (file.Take(16).SequenceEqual(PNG))
{
mime = "image/png";
}
else if (file.Take(7).SequenceEqual(RAR))
{
mime = "application/x-rar-compressed";
}
else if (file.Take(3).SequenceEqual(SWF))
{
mime = "application/x-shockwave-flash";
}
else if (file.Take(4).SequenceEqual(TIFF))
{
mime = "image/tiff";
}
else if (file.Take(11).SequenceEqual(TORRENT))
{
mime = "application/x-bittorrent";
}
else if (file.Take(5).SequenceEqual(TTF))
{
mime = "application/x-font-ttf";
}
else if (file.Take(4).SequenceEqual(WAV_AVI))
{
mime = extension == ".AVI" ? "video/x-msvideo" : "audio/x-wav";
}
else if (file.Take(16).SequenceEqual(WMV_WMA))
{
mime = extension == ".WMA" ? "audio/x-ms-wma" : "video/x-ms-wmv";
}
else if (file.Take(4).SequenceEqual(ZIP_DOCX))
{
mime = extension == ".DOCX" ? "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document" : "application/x-zip-compressed";
}
return mime;
}
}
注意，我对DOCX文件类型的处理是不同的，因为DOCX实际上只是一个ZIP文件。在这个场景中，只要验证了文件扩展名的顺序，我就会检查文件扩展名。对于某些人来说，这个示例还远远不够完整，但是您可以轻松地添加自己的示例。
如果您想添加更多MIME类型，您可以从这里获得许多不同文件类型的字节数组序列。另外，这里还有一个关于文件签名的很好的资源。
如果其他方法都失败了，我经常做的是逐步查看我正在寻找的特定类型的几个文件，并在文件的字节序列中寻找模式。最后，这仍然是基本的验证，不能用于确定文件类型的100%证明。
I think the right answer is a combination of Steve Morgan's and Serguei's answers. That's how Internet Explorer does it. The pinvoke call to FindMimeFromData works for only 26 hard-coded mime types. Also, it will give ambigous mime types (such as text/plain or application/octet-stream) even though there may exist a more specific, more appropriate mime type. If it fails to give a good mime type, you can go to the registry for a more specific mime type. The server registry could have more up-to-date mime types.
参考网址:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms775147(VS.85).aspx
您也可以查看注册表。
using System.IO;
using Microsoft.Win32;
string GetMimeType(FileInfo fileInfo)
{
string mimeType = "application/unknown";
RegistryKey regKey = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey(
fileInfo.Extension.ToLower()
);
if(regKey != null)
{
object contentType = regKey.GetValue("Content Type");
if(contentType != null)
mimeType = contentType.ToString();
}
return mimeType;
}
无论如何，您都必须利用mime数据库——无论它们是从扩展还是魔术数字映射的，都有点微不足道——windows注册表就是这样一个地方。 对于独立于平台的解决方案，必须将此DB与代码一起发布(或作为独立的库)。
我写了一个mime类型的验证器。请与您分享。
private readonly Dictionary<string, byte[]> _mimeTypes = new Dictionary<string, byte[]>
{
{"image/jpeg", new byte[] {255, 216, 255}},
{"image/jpg", new byte[] {255, 216, 255}},
{"image/pjpeg", new byte[] {255, 216, 255}},
{"image/apng", new byte[] {137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10, 0, 0, 0, 13, 73, 72, 68, 82}},
{"image/png", new byte[] {137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10, 0, 0, 0, 13, 73, 72, 68, 82}},
{"image/bmp", new byte[] {66, 77}},
{"image/gif", new byte[] {71, 73, 70, 56}},
};
private bool ValidateMimeType(byte[] file, string contentType)
{
var imageType = _mimeTypes.SingleOrDefault(x => x.Key.Equals(contentType));
return file.Take(imageType.Value.Length).SequenceEqual(imageType.Value);
}
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