我想循环一个文本文件的内容,并在一些行上进行搜索和替换,并将结果写回文件。我可以先把整个文件加载到内存中,然后再把它写回来,但这可能不是最好的方法。

在下面的代码中,做到这一点的最佳方法是什么?

f = open(file)
for line in f:
    if line.contains('foo'):
        newline = line.replace('foo', 'bar')
        # how to write this newline back to the file

当前回答

这应该工作:(就地编辑)

import fileinput

# Does a list of files, and
# redirects STDOUT to the file in question
for line in fileinput.input(files, inplace = 1): 
      print line.replace("foo", "bar"),

其他回答

扩展@Kiran的回答,我认为它更简洁和python化,这增加了编解码器来支持UTF-8的读写:

import codecs 

from tempfile import mkstemp
from shutil import move
from os import remove


def replace(source_file_path, pattern, substring):
    fh, target_file_path = mkstemp()

    with codecs.open(target_file_path, 'w', 'utf-8') as target_file:
        with codecs.open(source_file_path, 'r', 'utf-8') as source_file:
            for line in source_file:
                target_file.write(line.replace(pattern, substring))
    remove(source_file_path)
    move(target_file_path, source_file_path)

如果你想要一个通用函数,用其他文本替换任何文本,这可能是最好的方法,特别是如果你是regex的粉丝:

import re
def replace( filePath, text, subs, flags=0 ):
    with open( filePath, "r+" ) as file:
        fileContents = file.read()
        textPattern = re.compile( re.escape( text ), flags )
        fileContents = textPattern.sub( subs, fileContents )
        file.seek( 0 )
        file.truncate()
        file.write( fileContents )

正如lassevk所建议的,在运行时写出新文件,下面是一些示例代码:

fin = open("a.txt")
fout = open("b.txt", "wt")
for line in fin:
    fout.write( line.replace('foo', 'bar') )
fin.close()
fout.close()

Fileinput非常简单,就像之前的答案中提到的那样:

import fileinput

def replace_in_file(file_path, search_text, new_text):
    with fileinput.input(file_path, inplace=True) as file:
        for line in file:
            new_line = line.replace(search_text, new_text)
            print(new_line, end='')

解释:

fileinput可以接受多个文件,但我更喜欢在处理每个文件时立即关闭它。因此,将单个file_path放在with语句中。 当inplace=True时,print语句不打印任何东西,因为STDOUT被转发到原始文件。 End = " in print语句是消除中间空白的新行。

你可以这样使用它:

file_path = '/path/to/my/file'
replace_in_file(file_path, 'old-text', 'new-text')

使用hamishmcn的答案作为模板,我能够在文件中搜索与我的正则表达式匹配的一行,并将其替换为空字符串。

import re 

fin = open("in.txt", 'r') # in file
fout = open("out.txt", 'w') # out file
for line in fin:
    p = re.compile('[-][0-9]*[.][0-9]*[,]|[-][0-9]*[,]') # pattern
    newline = p.sub('',line) # replace matching strings with empty string
    print newline
    fout.write(newline)
fin.close()
fout.close()