*args和**kwargs是什么意思?
def foo(x, y, *args):
def bar(x, y, **kwargs):
*args和**kwargs是什么意思?
def foo(x, y, *args):
def bar(x, y, **kwargs):
当前回答
根据尼克的回答。。。
def foo(param1, *param2):
print(param1)
print(param2)
def bar(param1, **param2):
print(param1)
print(param2)
def three_params(param1, *param2, **param3):
print(param1)
print(param2)
print(param3)
foo(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
print("\n")
bar(1, a=2, b=3)
print("\n")
three_params(1, 2, 3, 4, s=5)
输出:
1
(2, 3, 4, 5)
1
{'a': 2, 'b': 3}
1
(2, 3, 4)
{'s': 5}
基本上,任何数量的位置参数都可以使用*args,任何命名参数(或kwargs又名关键字参数)都可以使用**kwargs。
其他回答
*args(或*any)表示每个参数
def any_param(*param):
pass
any_param(1)
any_param(1,1)
any_param(1,1,1)
any_param(1,...)
注意:不能将参数传递给*args
def any_param(*param):
pass
any_param() # will work correct
*参数的类型为元组
def any_param(*param):
return type(param)
any_param(1) #tuple
any_param() # tuple
用于访问不使用的元素*
def any(*param):
param[0] # correct
def any(*param):
*param[0] # incorrect
**千瓦时
**kwd或**任何这是字典类型
def func(**any):
return type(any) # dict
def func(**any):
return any
func(width="10",height="20") # {width="10",height="20")
上下文
python 3.x使用打开包装**与字符串格式一起使用
与字符串格式一起使用
除了本主题中的答案之外,还有一个其他地方没有提到的细节。这扩展了Brad Solomon的答案
使用python str.format时,使用**解包也很有用。
这有点类似于使用python f-string f-string所做的操作,但增加了声明dict以保存变量的开销(f-string不需要dict)。
快速示例
## init vars
ddvars = dict()
ddcalc = dict()
pass
ddvars['fname'] = 'Huomer'
ddvars['lname'] = 'Huimpson'
ddvars['motto'] = 'I love donuts!'
ddvars['age'] = 33
pass
ddcalc['ydiff'] = 5
ddcalc['ycalc'] = ddvars['age'] + ddcalc['ydiff']
pass
vdemo = []
## ********************
## single unpack supported in py 2.7
vdemo.append('''
Hello {fname} {lname}!
Today you are {age} years old!
We love your motto "{motto}" and we agree with you!
'''.format(**ddvars))
pass
## ********************
## multiple unpack supported in py 3.x
vdemo.append('''
Hello {fname} {lname}!
In {ydiff} years you will be {ycalc} years old!
'''.format(**ddvars,**ddcalc))
pass
## ********************
print(vdemo[-1])
在Python 3.5中,您还可以在列表、字典、元组和集合显示(有时也称为文字)中使用此语法。参见PEP 488:其他解包概括。
>>> (0, *range(1, 4), 5, *range(6, 8))
(0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7)
>>> [0, *range(1, 4), 5, *range(6, 8)]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7]
>>> {0, *range(1, 4), 5, *range(6, 8)}
{0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7}
>>> d = {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
>>> e = {'six': 6, 'seven': 7}
>>> {'zero': 0, **d, 'five': 5, **e}
{'five': 5, 'seven': 7, 'two': 2, 'one': 1, 'three': 3, 'six': 6, 'zero': 0}
它还允许在单个函数调用中解包多个可迭代项。
>>> range(*[1, 10], *[2])
range(1, 10, 2)
(感谢mgilson提供PEP链接。)
对于那些通过实例学习的人!
*的目的是让您能够定义一个函数,该函数可以接受作为列表提供的任意数量的参数(例如f(*myList))。**的目的是通过提供字典(例如f(**{'x':1,'y':2}))来提供函数的参数。
让我们通过定义一个函数来展示这一点,该函数接受两个正常变量x,y,并且可以接受更多的参数作为myArgs,并且可以接收更多的参数为myKW。稍后,我们将展示如何使用myArgDict喂养y。
def f(x, y, *myArgs, **myKW):
print("# x = {}".format(x))
print("# y = {}".format(y))
print("# myArgs = {}".format(myArgs))
print("# myKW = {}".format(myKW))
print("# ----------------------------------------------------------------------")
# Define a list for demonstration purposes
myList = ["Left", "Right", "Up", "Down"]
# Define a dictionary for demonstration purposes
myDict = {"Wubba": "lubba", "Dub": "dub"}
# Define a dictionary to feed y
myArgDict = {'y': "Why?", 'y0': "Why not?", "q": "Here is a cue!"}
# The 1st elem of myList feeds y
f("myEx", *myList, **myDict)
# x = myEx
# y = Left
# myArgs = ('Right', 'Up', 'Down')
# myKW = {'Wubba': 'lubba', 'Dub': 'dub'}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# y is matched and fed first
# The rest of myArgDict becomes additional arguments feeding myKW
f("myEx", **myArgDict)
# x = myEx
# y = Why?
# myArgs = ()
# myKW = {'y0': 'Why not?', 'q': 'Here is a cue!'}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# The rest of myArgDict becomes additional arguments feeding myArgs
f("myEx", *myArgDict)
# x = myEx
# y = y
# myArgs = ('y0', 'q')
# myKW = {}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Feed extra arguments manually and append even more from my list
f("myEx", 4, 42, 420, *myList, *myDict, **myDict)
# x = myEx
# y = 4
# myArgs = (42, 420, 'Left', 'Right', 'Up', 'Down', 'Wubba', 'Dub')
# myKW = {'Wubba': 'lubba', 'Dub': 'dub'}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Without the stars, the entire provided list and dict become x, and y:
f(myList, myDict)
# x = ['Left', 'Right', 'Up', 'Down']
# y = {'Wubba': 'lubba', 'Dub': 'dub'}
# myArgs = ()
# myKW = {}
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
注意事项
**专为词典保留。非可选参数赋值首先发生。不能两次使用非可选参数。如果适用,**必须始终在*之后。
给定一个有3项作为参数的函数
sum = lambda x, y, z: x + y + z
sum(1,2,3) # sum 3 items
sum([1,2,3]) # error, needs 3 items, not 1 list
x = [1,2,3][0]
y = [1,2,3][1]
z = [1,2,3][2]
sum(x,y,z) # ok
sum(*[1,2,3]) # ok, 1 list becomes 3 items
想象一下这个玩具有一个三角形、一个圆形和一个长方形的袋子。那个包不太合身。你需要打开袋子,取出这3件物品,现在它们就可以了。Python*运算符执行此解包过程。