如何在数字字符串的左边加上零,使字符串具有特定的长度?


当前回答

如果您希望填充一个整数,同时限制有效数字(使用f字符串):

a = 4.432
>> 4.432
a = f'{a:04.1f}'
>> '04.4'

f“{a:04.1f}”这转换为1个十进制/(浮点)点,将数字向左填充,直到总共4个字符。

其他回答

也可以:

 h = 2
 m = 7
 s = 3
 print("%02d:%02d:%02d" % (h, m, s))

因此输出将为:“02:07:03”

对于数字:

i = 12
print(f"{i:05d}")

输出

00012

str(n).zfill(width)将处理字符串、int、浮点。。。并且兼容Python 2.x和3.x:

>>> n = 3
>>> str(n).zfill(5)
'00003'
>>> n = '3'
>>> str(n).zfill(5)
'00003'
>>> n = '3.0'
>>> str(n).zfill(5)
'003.0'

只需使用字符串对象的rjust方法。

此示例创建一个10个字符长度的字符串,根据需要进行填充:

>>> s = 'test'
>>> s.rjust(10, '0')
>>> '000000test'

快速定时比较:

setup = '''
from random import randint
def test_1():
    num = randint(0,1000000)
    return str(num).zfill(7)
def test_2():
    num = randint(0,1000000)
    return format(num, '07')
def test_3():
    num = randint(0,1000000)
    return '{0:07d}'.format(num)
def test_4():
    num = randint(0,1000000)
    return format(num, '07d')
def test_5():
    num = randint(0,1000000)
    return '{:07d}'.format(num)
def test_6():
    num = randint(0,1000000)
    return '{x:07d}'.format(x=num)
def test_7():
    num = randint(0,1000000)
    return str(num).rjust(7, '0')
'''
import timeit
print timeit.Timer("test_1()", setup=setup).repeat(3, 900000)
print timeit.Timer("test_2()", setup=setup).repeat(3, 900000)
print timeit.Timer("test_3()", setup=setup).repeat(3, 900000)
print timeit.Timer("test_4()", setup=setup).repeat(3, 900000)
print timeit.Timer("test_5()", setup=setup).repeat(3, 900000)
print timeit.Timer("test_6()", setup=setup).repeat(3, 900000)
print timeit.Timer("test_7()", setup=setup).repeat(3, 900000)


> [2.281613943830961, 2.2719342631547077, 2.261691106209631]
> [2.311480238815406, 2.318420542148333, 2.3552384305184493]
> [2.3824197456864304, 2.3457239951596485, 2.3353268829498646]
> [2.312442972404032, 2.318053102249902, 2.3054072168069872]
> [2.3482314132374853, 2.3403386400002475, 2.330108825844775]
> [2.424549090688892, 2.4346475296851438, 2.429691196530058]
> [2.3259756401716487, 2.333549212826732, 2.32049893822186]

我做了不同重复的不同测试。差异不大,但在所有测试中,zfill解决方案都是最快的。