我已经将记录插入到SQL Server数据库表中。该表定义了一个主键,并且自动递增标识种子被设置为“Yes”。这样做主要是因为在SQL Azure中,每个表都必须定义一个主键和标识。

但是由于我必须从表中删除一些记录,这些表的标识种子将受到干扰,索引列(自动生成的增量为1)也将受到干扰。

如何在删除记录后重置标识列,使该列具有升序数字顺序?

标识列在数据库中的任何地方都不能用作外键。


当前回答

运行此脚本重置标识列。您需要做两个更改。用需要更新的表替换tableXYZ。此外,标识列的名称需要从临时表中删除。这在一个有35000行和3列的表上是瞬时的。显然,备份表并首先在测试环境中尝试这一点。


select * 
into #temp
From tableXYZ

set identity_insert tableXYZ ON

truncate table tableXYZ

alter table #temp drop column (nameOfIdentityColumn)

set identity_insert tableXYZ OFF

insert into tableXYZ
select * from #temp

其他回答

虽然大多数答案都建议RESEED为0,而且有些人认为这是TRUNCATED表的缺陷,但微软有一个排除ID的解决方案

DBCC CHECKIDENT ('[TestTable]', RESEED)

这将检查表并重置到下一个ID。它从MS SQL 2005到现在都是可用的。

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms176057.aspx

需要注意的是,如果所有的数据都是通过DELETE从表中删除的(即没有WHERE子句),那么只要a)权限允许,b)没有fk引用表(这里似乎就是这种情况),使用TRUNCATE table将是首选,因为它可以更有效地DELETE并同时重置IDENTITY种子。以下细节取自TRUNCATE TABLE的MSDN页面:

Compared to the DELETE statement, TRUNCATE TABLE has the following advantages: Less transaction log space is used. The DELETE statement removes rows one at a time and records an entry in the transaction log for each deleted row. TRUNCATE TABLE removes the data by deallocating the data pages used to store the table data and records only the page deallocations in the transaction log. Fewer locks are typically used. When the DELETE statement is executed using a row lock, each row in the table is locked for deletion. TRUNCATE TABLE always locks the table (including a schema (SCH-M) lock) and page but not each row. Without exception, zero pages are left in the table. After a DELETE statement is executed, the table can still contain empty pages. For example, empty pages in a heap cannot be deallocated without at least an exclusive (LCK_M_X) table lock. If the delete operation does not use a table lock, the table (heap) will contain many empty pages. For indexes, the delete operation can leave empty pages behind, although these pages will be deallocated quickly by a background cleanup process. If the table contains an identity column, the counter for that column is reset to the seed value defined for the column. If no seed was defined, the default value 1 is used. To retain the identity counter, use DELETE instead.

下面是:

DELETE FROM [MyTable];
DBCC CHECKIDENT ('[MyTable]', RESEED, 0);

变成:

TRUNCATE TABLE [MyTable];

请参阅TRUNCATE TABLE文档(上面有链接)以获得有关限制等的其他信息。

你可以CHECKIDENT重置种子

DBCC CHECKIDENT
 (
    table_name
        [ , { NORESEED | { RESEED [ , new_reseed_value ] } } ]
)
[ WITH NO_INFOMSGS ]

例子

 DBCC CHECKIDENT ('TAble', reseed,0)

-- 示例查询

您可以用以下代码插入基本数据

向表中插入数据后,先创建一个表

步骤到步骤i显示数据和删除数据显示细节理解代码

结果代码:创建带有rest种子Id的表 我用的是车管局系统。Identity_columns表具有标识


--Create Table 
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS  ExampleTable
create table ExampleTable (Id Bigint identity(1,1), Name nvarchar(10))

--Insert to ExampleTable and Delete and Show identity 
insert into ExampleTable (Name) 
select 'Test1' as NAme union all select 'Test2' as NAme

select * from ExampleTable

| Id       | Name |
| -------- | -----|
| 1        |Test1 |
| 2        |Test2 |

delete from ExampleTable

insert into ExampleTable (Name) select 'Test3' as NAme

select * from ExampleTable

| Id       | Name |
| -------- | -----|
| 3        |Test3 |

delete from ExampleTable

首次检查数据 如果表中没有数据使用种子表

如果表中有数据,使用最大id

之后用CHECKIDENT改变种子

--Find seedTable
declare @reseed int=0

if(not exists( select top 1 * from ExampleTable))
begin

    
     SELECT 
        @reseed=cast( seed_value as int)
    FROM sys.tables tables 
        JOIN sys.identity_columns identity_columns 
    ON tables.object_id=identity_columns.object_id
    where 
        tables.name='ExampleTable' 
    and OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(tables.object_id, db_id())='dbo'
 
      set @reseed=@reseed -1

 end
 else
 begin
   --if Table Has Data and use Max id For  seed
    set @reseed=(select top 1 id from ExampleTable order by id desc)

 end


  DBCC CHECKIDENT ('ExampleTable', reseed,@reseed)


insert into ExampleTable
(Name)
select 'Test4' as NAme


select * from ExampleTable


| Id       | Name |
| -------- | -----|
| 1        |Test4 |
 

GO

我尝试了@anil shahs的答案,它重置了身份。但是当插入新的行时,它得到了恒等式= 2。所以我把语法改为:

DELETE FROM [TestTable]

DBCC CHECKIDENT ('[TestTable]', RESEED, 0)
GO

那么第一行将得到恒等式= 1。

我刚刚成功地使用了DBCC CHECKIDENT

注意事项:

引用表名时不接受方括号 DBCC CHECKIDENT('TableName',RESEED,n)将重置回n+1 例如,DBCC CHECKIDENT('tablename',RESEED,27)将从28开始 如果你有问题没有设置新的开始id -注意到这一点,你可以修复这个:

    DECLARE @NewId as INT  
    SET @NewId =  (SELECT MAX('TableName')-1  AS ID FROM TableName)
    DBCC CHECKIDENT('TableName',RESEED,@MaxId)