ASP。NET Core的方式现在在这里:

[HttpPost("UploadFiles")]
public async Task<IActionResult> Post(List<IFormFile> files)
{
    long size = files.Sum(f => f.Length);

    // full path to file in temp location
    var filePath = Path.GetTempFileName();

    foreach (var formFile in files)
    {
        if (formFile.Length > 0)
        {
            using (var stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Create))
            {
                await formFile.CopyToAsync(stream);
            }
        }
    }

    // process uploaded files
    // Don't rely on or trust the FileName property without validation.

    return Ok(new { count = files.Count, size, filePath});
}

请参阅http://www.asp.net/web-api/overview/formats-and-model-binding/html-forms-and-multipart-mime#multipartmime，尽管我认为这篇文章让它看起来比实际情况更复杂。

基本上,

public Task<HttpResponseMessage> PostFile() 
{ 
    HttpRequestMessage request = this.Request; 
    if (!request.Content.IsMimeMultipartContent()) 
    { 
        throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.UnsupportedMediaType); 
    } 

    string root = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/App_Data/uploads"); 
    var provider = new MultipartFormDataStreamProvider(root); 

    var task = request.Content.ReadAsMultipartAsync(provider). 
        ContinueWith<HttpResponseMessage>(o => 
    { 

        string file1 = provider.BodyPartFileNames.First().Value;
        // this is the file name on the server where the file was saved 

        return new HttpResponseMessage() 
        { 
            Content = new StringContent("File uploaded.") 
        }; 
    } 
    ); 
    return task; 
} 

我在预览Web API时遇到了类似的问题。还没有将这部分移植到新的MVC 4 Web API，但这可能会有所帮助:

使用HttpRequestMessage或Stream上传REST文件?

请让我知道，可以坐下来，明天再试着实施它。

下面是一个快速而简单的解决方案，它从HTTP正文中获取上传的文件内容并将其写入文件。我为文件上传包含了一个“骨架”HTML/JS片段。

Web API方法:

[Route("api/myfileupload")]        
[HttpPost]
public string MyFileUpload()
{
    var request = HttpContext.Current.Request;
    var filePath = "C:\\temp\\" + request.Headers["filename"];
    using (var fs = new System.IO.FileStream(filePath, System.IO.FileMode.Create))
    {
        request.InputStream.CopyTo(fs);
    }
    return "uploaded";
}

HTML文件上传:

<form>
    <input type="file" id="myfile"/>  
    <input type="button" onclick="uploadFile();" value="Upload" />
</form>
<script type="text/javascript">
    function uploadFile() {        
        var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();                 
        var file = document.getElementById('myfile').files[0];
        xhr.open("POST", "api/myfileupload");
        xhr.setRequestHeader("filename", file.name);
        xhr.send(file);
    }
</script>

朝着同样的方向，我发布了一个客户端和服务器片段，使用WebApi, c# 4发送Excel文件:

public static void SetFile(String serviceUrl, byte[] fileArray, String fileName)
{
    try
    {
        using (var client = new HttpClient())
        {
                client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
                using (var content = new MultipartFormDataContent())
                {
                    var fileContent = new ByteArrayContent(fileArray);//(System.IO.File.ReadAllBytes(fileName));
                    fileContent.Headers.ContentDisposition = new ContentDispositionHeaderValue("attachment")
                    {
                        FileName = fileName
                    };
                    content.Add(fileContent);
                    var result = client.PostAsync(serviceUrl, content).Result;
                }
        }
    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
        //Log the exception
    }
}

服务器的webapi控制器:

public Task<IEnumerable<string>> Post()
{
    if (Request.Content.IsMimeMultipartContent())
    {
        string fullPath = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/uploads");
        MyMultipartFormDataStreamProvider streamProvider = new MyMultipartFormDataStreamProvider(fullPath);
        var task = Request.Content.ReadAsMultipartAsync(streamProvider).ContinueWith(t =>
        {
            if (t.IsFaulted || t.IsCanceled)
                    throw new HttpResponseException(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError);

            var fileInfo = streamProvider.FileData.Select(i =>
            {
                var info = new FileInfo(i.LocalFileName);
                return "File uploaded as " + info.FullName + " (" + info.Length + ")";
            });
            return fileInfo;

        });
        return task;
    }
    else
    {
        throw new HttpResponseException(Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotAcceptable, "Invalid Request!"));
    }
}

和自定义MyMultipartFormDataStreamProvider，需要自定义文件名: PS:我从另一个帖子http://www.codeguru.com/csharp/.net/uploading-files-asynchronously-using-asp.net-web-api.htm取了这个代码

public class MyMultipartFormDataStreamProvider : MultipartFormDataStreamProvider
{
    public MyMultipartFormDataStreamProvider(string path)
        : base(path)
    {

    }

    public override string GetLocalFileName(System.Net.Http.Headers.HttpContentHeaders headers)
    {
        string fileName;
        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(headers.ContentDisposition.FileName))
        {
            fileName = headers.ContentDisposition.FileName;
        }
        else
        {
            fileName = Guid.NewGuid().ToString() + ".data";
        }
        return fileName.Replace("\"", string.Empty);
    }
}

补充Matt Frear的回答-这将是一个asp.net Core的选择，直接从流读取文件，而不需要保存和从磁盘读取:

public ActionResult OnPostUpload(List<IFormFile> files)
    {
        try
        {
            var file = files.FirstOrDefault();
            var inputstream = file.OpenReadStream();

            XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(stream);

            var FIRST_ROW_NUMBER = {{firstRowWithValue}};

            ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0);
            // Example: var firstCellRow = (int)sheet.GetRow(0).GetCell(0).NumericCellValue;

            for (int rowIdx = 2; rowIdx <= sheet.LastRowNum; rowIdx++)
               {
                  IRow currentRow = sheet.GetRow(rowIdx);

                  if (currentRow == null || currentRow.Cells == null || currentRow.Cells.Count() < FIRST_ROW_NUMBER) break;

                  var df = new DataFormatter();                

                  for (int cellNumber = {{firstCellWithValue}}; cellNumber < {{lastCellWithValue}}; cellNumber++)
                      {
                         //business logic & saving data to DB                        
                      }               
                }
        }
        catch(Exception ex)
        {
            throw new FileFormatException($"Error on file processing - {ex.Message}");
        }
    }