我希望提供一个结构化的配置文件，它对于非技术用户来说尽可能容易编辑(不幸的是它必须是一个文件)，所以我想使用YAML。然而，我找不到任何方法从Unix shell脚本解析这个。
当前回答
你可以用golang写成yq的等价形式:
./go-yg -yamlFile /home/user/dev/ansible-firefox/defaults/main.yml -key
firefox_version
返回:
62.0.3
其他回答
可以将一个小脚本传递给一些解释器，比如Python。使用Ruby和它的YAML库的简单方法如下:
$ RUBY_SCRIPT="data = YAML::load(STDIN.read); puts data['a']; puts data['b']"
$ echo -e '---\na: 1234\nb: 4321' | ruby -ryaml -e "$RUBY_SCRIPT"
1234
4321
，其中data是来自yaml的值的散列(或数组)。
作为奖励，它可以很好地解析杰基尔的正面问题。
ruby -ryaml -e "puts YAML::load(open(ARGV.first).read)['tags']" example.md
perl -ne 'chomp; printf qq/%s="%s"\n/, split(/\s*:\s*/,$_,2)' file.yml > file.sh
我曾经使用python将yaml转换为json，并在jq中进行处理。
python -c "import yaml; import json; from pathlib import Path; print(json.dumps(yaml.safe_load(Path('file.yml').read_text())))" | jq '.'
如果您知道您感兴趣的标记和您期望的yaml结构，那么在Bash中编写一个简单的yaml解析器并不难。
在下面的示例中，解析器将一个结构化YAML文件读入环境变量、数组和关联数组。
注意:这个解析器的复杂性与YAML文件的结构有关。对于YAML文件的每个结构化组件，都需要一个单独的子例程。高度结构化的YAML文件可能需要更复杂的方法，例如通用的递归下降解析器。
圣诞节。yaml文件:
# Xmas YAML example
---
# Values
pear-tree: partridge
turtle-doves: 2.718
french-hens: 3
# Array
calling-birds:
- huey
- dewey
- louie
- fred
# Structure
xmas-fifth-day:
calling-birds: four
french-hens: 3
golden-rings: 5
partridges:
count: 1
location: "a pear tree"
turtle-doves: two
解析器使用mapfile将文件作为数组读入内存，然后循环遍历每个标记并创建环境变量。
梨树、斑鸠和法国母鸡:最终成为简单的环境变量 呼叫鸟:变成一个数组 xmas-fifth-day:结构被表示为一个关联数组，但是如果您没有使用Bash 4.0或更高版本，您可以将这些数组编码为环境变量。 注释和空白将被忽略。
#!/bin/bash
# -------------------------------------------------------------------
# A simple parser for the xmas.yaml file
# -------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# xmas.yaml tags
# # - Ignored
# - Blank lines are ignored
# --- - Initialiser for days-of-xmas
# pear-tree: partridge - a string
# turtle-doves: 2.718 - a string, no float type in Bash
# french-hens: 3 - a number
# calling-birds: - an array of strings
# - huey - calling-birds[0]
# - dewey
# - louie
# - fred
# xmas-fifth-day: - an associative array
# calling-birds: four - a string
# french-hens: 3 - a number
# golden-rings: 5 - a number
# partridges: - changes the key to partridges.xxx
# count: 1 - a number
# location: "a pear tree" - a string
# turtle-doves: two - a string
#
# This requires the following routines
# ParseXMAS
# parses #, ---, blank line
# unexpected tag error
# calls days-of-xmas
#
# days-of-xmas
# parses pear-tree, turtle-doves, french-hens
# calls calling-birds
# calls xmas-fifth-day
#
# calling-birds
# elements of the array
#
# xmas-fifth-day
# parses calling-birds, french-hens, golden-rings, turtle-doves
# calls partridges
#
# partridges
# parses partridges.count, partridges.location
#
function ParseXMAS()
{
# days-of-xmas
# parses pear-tree, turtle-doves, french-hens
# calls calling-birds
# calls xmas-fifth-day
#
function days-of-xmas()
{
unset PearTree TurtleDoves FrenchHens
while [ $CURRENT_ROW -lt $ROWS ]
do
LINE=( ${CONFIG[${CURRENT_ROW}]} )
TAG=${LINE[0]}
unset LINE[0]
VALUE="${LINE[*]}"
echo " days-of-xmas[${CURRENT_ROW}] ${TAG}=${VALUE}"
if [ "$TAG" = "pear-tree:" ]
then
declare -g PearTree=$VALUE
elif [ "$TAG" = "turtle-doves:" ]
then
declare -g TurtleDoves=$VALUE
elif [ "$TAG" = "french-hens:" ]
then
declare -g FrenchHens=$VALUE
elif [ "$TAG" = "calling-birds:" ]
then
let CURRENT_ROW=$(($CURRENT_ROW + 1))
calling-birds
continue
elif [ "$TAG" = "xmas-fifth-day:" ]
then
let CURRENT_ROW=$(($CURRENT_ROW + 1))
xmas-fifth-day
continue
elif [ -z "$TAG" ] || [ "$TAG" = "#" ]
then
# Ignore comments and blank lines
true
else
# time to bug out
break
fi
let CURRENT_ROW=$(($CURRENT_ROW + 1))
done
}
# calling-birds
# elements of the array
function calling-birds()
{
unset CallingBirds
declare -ag CallingBirds
while [ $CURRENT_ROW -lt $ROWS ]
do
LINE=( ${CONFIG[${CURRENT_ROW}]} )
TAG=${LINE[0]}
unset LINE[0]
VALUE="${LINE[*]}"
echo " calling-birds[${CURRENT_ROW}] ${TAG}=${VALUE}"
if [ "$TAG" = "-" ]
then
CallingBirds[${#CallingBirds[*]}]=$VALUE
elif [ -z "$TAG" ] || [ "$TAG" = "#" ]
then
# Ignore comments and blank lines
true
else
# time to bug out
break
fi
let CURRENT_ROW=$(($CURRENT_ROW + 1))
done
}
# xmas-fifth-day
# parses calling-birds, french-hens, golden-rings, turtle-doves
# calls fifth-day-partridges
#
function xmas-fifth-day()
{
unset XmasFifthDay
declare -Ag XmasFifthDay
while [ $CURRENT_ROW -lt $ROWS ]
do
LINE=( ${CONFIG[${CURRENT_ROW}]} )
TAG=${LINE[0]}
unset LINE[0]
VALUE="${LINE[*]}"
echo " xmas-fifth-day[${CURRENT_ROW}] ${TAG}=${VALUE}"
if [ "$TAG" = "calling-birds:" ]
then
XmasFifthDay[CallingBirds]=$VALUE
elif [ "$TAG" = "french-hens:" ]
then
XmasFifthDay[FrenchHens]=$VALUE
elif [ "$TAG" = "golden-rings:" ]
then
XmasFifthDay[GOLDEN-RINGS]=$VALUE
elif [ "$TAG" = "turtle-doves:" ]
then
XmasFifthDay[TurtleDoves]=$VALUE
elif [ "$TAG" = "partridges:" ]
then
let CURRENT_ROW=$(($CURRENT_ROW + 1))
partridges
continue
elif [ -z "$TAG" ] || [ "$TAG" = "#" ]
then
# Ignore comments and blank lines
true
else
# time to bug out
break
fi
let CURRENT_ROW=$(($CURRENT_ROW + 1))
done
}
function partridges()
{
while [ $CURRENT_ROW -lt $ROWS ]
do
LINE=( ${CONFIG[${CURRENT_ROW}]} )
TAG=${LINE[0]}
unset LINE[0]
VALUE="${LINE[*]}"
echo " partridges[${CURRENT_ROW}] ${TAG}=${VALUE}"
if [ "$TAG" = "count:" ]
then
XmasFifthDay[PARTRIDGES.COUNT]=$VALUE
elif [ "$TAG" = "location:" ]
then
XmasFifthDay[PARTRIDGES.LOCATION]=$VALUE
elif [ -z "$TAG" ] || [ "$TAG" = "#" ]
then
# Ignore comments and blank lines
true
else
# time to bug out
break
fi
let CURRENT_ROW=$(($CURRENT_ROW + 1))
done
}
# ===================================================================
# Load the configuration file
mapfile CONFIG < xmas.yaml
let ROWS=${#CONFIG[@]}
let CURRENT_ROW=0
# +
# #
#
# ---
# -
while [ $CURRENT_ROW -lt $ROWS ]
do
LINE=( ${CONFIG[${CURRENT_ROW}]} )
TAG=${LINE[0]}
unset LINE[0]
VALUE="${LINE[*]}"
echo "[${CURRENT_ROW}] ${TAG}=${VALUE}"
if [ "$TAG" = "---" ]
then
let CURRENT_ROW=$(($CURRENT_ROW + 1))
days-of-xmas
continue
elif [ -z "$TAG" ] || [ "$TAG" = "#" ]
then
# Ignore comments and blank lines
true
else
echo "Unexpected tag at line $(($CURRENT_ROW + 1)): <${TAG}>={${VALUE}}"
break
fi
let CURRENT_ROW=$(($CURRENT_ROW + 1))
done
}
echo =========================================
ParseXMAS
echo =========================================
declare -p PearTree
declare -p TurtleDoves
declare -p FrenchHens
declare -p CallingBirds
declare -p XmasFifthDay
这将产生以下输出
=========================================
[0] #=Xmas YAML example
[1] ---=
days-of-xmas[2] #=Values
days-of-xmas[3] pear-tree:=partridge
days-of-xmas[4] turtle-doves:=2.718
days-of-xmas[5] french-hens:=3
days-of-xmas[6] =
days-of-xmas[7] #=Array
days-of-xmas[8] calling-birds:=
calling-birds[9] -=huey
calling-birds[10] -=dewey
calling-birds[11] -=louie
calling-birds[12] -=fred
calling-birds[13] =
calling-birds[14] #=Structure
calling-birds[15] xmas-fifth-day:=
days-of-xmas[15] xmas-fifth-day:=
xmas-fifth-day[16] calling-birds:=four
xmas-fifth-day[17] french-hens:=3
xmas-fifth-day[18] golden-rings:=5
xmas-fifth-day[19] partridges:=
partridges[20] count:=1
partridges[21] location:="a pear tree"
partridges[22] turtle-doves:=two
xmas-fifth-day[22] turtle-doves:=two
=========================================
declare -- PearTree="partridge"
declare -- TurtleDoves="2.718"
declare -- FrenchHens="3"
declare -a CallingBirds=([0]="huey" [1]="dewey" [2]="louie" [3]="fred")
declare -A XmasFifthDay=([CallingBirds]="four" [PARTRIDGES.LOCATION]="\"a pear tree\"" [FrenchHens]="3" [GOLDEN-RINGS]="5" [PARTRIDGES.COUNT]="1" [TurtleDoves]="two" )
现在做这件事的一个快速方法(以前的方法对我没用):
sudo wget https://github.com/mikefarah/yq/releases/download/v4.4.1/yq_linux_amd64 -O /usr/bin/yq &&\
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/yq
示例asd.yaml:
a_list:
- key1: value1
key2: value2
key3: value3
解析:根
user@vm:~$ yq e '.' asd.yaml
a_list:
- key1: value1
key2: value2
key3: value3
解析key3:
user@vm:~$ yq e '.a_list[0].key3' asd.yaml
value3
