print "package is: " . __PACKAGE__ . "\n";
our $test = 1;
print "trying to print global var from main package: $test\n";

package Changed;

{
        my $test = 10;
        my $test1 = 11;
        print "trying to print local vars from a closed block: $test, $test1\n";
}

&Check_global;

sub Check_global {
        print "trying to print global var from a function: $test\n";
}
print "package is: " . __PACKAGE__ . "\n";
print "trying to print global var outside the func and from \"Changed\" package:     $test\n";
print "trying to print local var outside the block $test1\n";

输出:

package is: main
trying to print global var from main package: 1
trying to print local vars from a closed block: 10, 11
trying to print global var from a function: 1
package is: Changed
trying to print global var outside the func and from "Changed" package: 1
trying to print local var outside the block 

如果使用"use strict"会在试图运行脚本时失败:

Global symbol "$test1" requires explicit package name at ./check_global.pl line 24.
Execution of ./check_global.pl aborted due to compilation errors.

一个例子:

use strict;

for (1 .. 2){
    # Both variables are lexically scoped to the block.
    our ($o);  # Belongs to 'main' package.
    my  ($m);  # Does not belong to a package.

    # The variables differ with respect to newness.
    $o ++;
    $m ++;
    print __PACKAGE__, " >> o=$o m=$m\n";  # $m is always 1.

    # The package has changed, but we still have direct,
    # unqualified access to both variables, because the
    # lexical scope has not changed.
    package Fubb;
    print __PACKAGE__, " >> o=$o m=$m\n";
}

# The our() and my() variables differ with respect to privacy.
# We can still access the variable declared with our(), provided
# that we fully qualify its name, but the variable declared
# with my() is unavailable.
print __PACKAGE__, " >> main::o=$main::o\n";  # 2
print __PACKAGE__, " >> main::m=$main::m\n";  # Undefined.

# Attempts to access the variables directly won't compile.
# print __PACKAGE__, " >> o=$o\n";
# print __PACKAGE__, " >> m=$m\n";

# Variables declared with use vars() are like those declared
# with our(): belong to a package; not private; and not new.
# However, their scoping is package-based rather than lexical.
for (1 .. 9){
    use vars qw($uv);
    $uv ++;
}

# Even though we are outside the lexical scope where the
# use vars() variable was declared, we have direct access
# because the package has not changed.
print __PACKAGE__, " >> uv=$uv\n";

# And we can access it from another package.
package Bubb;
print __PACKAGE__, " >> main::uv=$main::uv\n";

我们的和我的有什么不同，我们做什么?

总而言之:

my是一种声明非包变量的方法，它们是:

私人 新 非全局 与任何包分开，这样变量就不能以$package_name::variable的形式访问。

另一方面，我们的变量是包变量，因此自动:

全局变量 绝对不是私人的 不一定是新的 可以在包(或词法范围)之外使用 限定的命名空间，如$package_name::variable。

使用our声明变量允许您预先声明变量，以便在use strict下使用它们，而不会得到拼写警告或编译时错误。从Perl 5.6开始，它取代了过时的vars, vars只是文件作用域，而不像我们的那样是词汇作用域。

例如，main包中变量$x的正式限定名是$main::x。声明我们的$x允许你在声明的范围内，当脚本使用use strict或使用strict“vars”时，使用纯$x变量而没有惩罚(即，没有导致错误)。范围可以是一个、两个或多个包，或者一个小块。

print "package is: " . __PACKAGE__ . "\n";
our $test = 1;
print "trying to print global var from main package: $test\n";

package Changed;

{
        my $test = 10;
        my $test1 = 11;
        print "trying to print local vars from a closed block: $test, $test1\n";
}

&Check_global;

sub Check_global {
        print "trying to print global var from a function: $test\n";
}
print "package is: " . __PACKAGE__ . "\n";
print "trying to print global var outside the func and from \"Changed\" package:     $test\n";
print "trying to print local var outside the block $test1\n";

输出:

package is: main
trying to print global var from main package: 1
trying to print local vars from a closed block: 10, 11
trying to print global var from a function: 1
package is: Changed
trying to print global var outside the func and from "Changed" package: 1
trying to print local var outside the block 

如果使用"use strict"会在试图运行脚本时失败:

Global symbol "$test1" requires explicit package name at ./check_global.pl line 24.
Execution of ./check_global.pl aborted due to compilation errors.

#!/usr/bin/perl -l

use strict;

# if string below commented out, prints 'lol' , if the string enabled, prints 'eeeeeeeee'
#my $lol = 'eeeeeeeeeee' ;
# no errors or warnings at any case, despite of 'strict'

our $lol = eval {$lol} || 'lol' ;

print $lol;

我曾经在Perl中遇到过一些关于词汇声明的陷阱，这些陷阱也与这个问题有关，所以我在这里添加了我的总结:

1. 定义还是声明?

local $var = 42;
print "var: $var\n";

输出为var: 42。但是我们不知道local $var = 42;定义或声明。但是这个怎么样:

use strict;
use warnings;

local $var = 42;
print "var: $var\n";

第二个程序将抛出一个错误:

Global symbol "$var" requires explicit package name.

$var没有定义，这意味着本地的$var;只是一个宣言!在使用local声明变量之前，请确保之前已将其定义为全局变量。

但为什么这不会失败呢?

use strict;
use warnings;

local $a = 42;
print "var: $a\n";

输出为:var: 42。

这是因为$a和$b都是在Perl中预定义的全局变量。还记得排序函数吗?

2. 词汇的还是全局的?

在开始使用Perl之前，我是一名C程序员，所以词法变量和全局变量的概念对我来说似乎很简单:它只对应于C中的自动变量和外部变量，但有一些小的区别:

在C语言中，外部变量是定义在任何函数块之外的变量。另一方面，自动变量是在函数块中定义的变量。是这样的:

int global;

int main(void) {
    int local;
}

而在Perl中，事情是微妙的:

sub main {
    $var = 42;
}

&main;

print "var: $var\n";

输出为var: 42。$var是一个全局变量，即使它是定义在函数块中!实际上，在Perl中，任何变量都默认声明为全局变量。

教训是要时刻加用严;使用警告;在Perl程序的开始，这将迫使程序员显式地声明词法变量，这样我们就不会被一些想当然的错误弄乱。