我有一个base64编码的二进制数据字符串:
const contentType = 'image/png';
const b64Data = 'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==';
我想创建一个包含此数据的blob: URL，并将其显示给用户:
const blob = new Blob(????, {type: contentType});
const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
window.location = blobUrl;
我一直没能弄清楚如何创建BLOB。
在某些情况下，我可以通过使用data: URL来避免这种情况:
const dataUrl = `data:${contentType};base64,${b64Data}`;
window.location = dataUrl;
然而，在大多数情况下，数据:url非常大。
我如何解码一个Base64字符串到一个BLOB对象在JavaScript?
对于图像数据，我发现使用canvas更简单。toBlob(异步)
function b64toBlob(b64, onsuccess, onerror) {
var img = new Image();
img.onerror = onerror;
img.onload = function onload() {
var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
canvas.width = img.width;
canvas.height = img.height;
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
canvas.toBlob(onsuccess);
};
img.src = b64;
}
var base64Data = 'data:image/jpg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQA...';
b64toBlob(base64Data,
function(blob) {
var url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
// do something with url
}, function(error) {
// handle error
});
请看这个例子:https://jsfiddle.net/pqhdce2L/
function b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType, sliceSize) {
contentType = contentType || '';
sliceSize = sliceSize || 512;
var byteCharacters = atob(b64Data);
var byteArrays = [];
for (var offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) {
var slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize);
var byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length);
for (var i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) {
byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i);
}
var byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);
byteArrays.push(byteArray);
}
var blob = new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType});
return blob;
}
var contentType = 'image/png';
var b64Data = Your Base64 encode;
var blob = b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType);
var blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
var img = document.createElement('img');
img.src = blobUrl;
document.body.appendChild(img);
在浏览器中
Uint8Array.from(atob(YOUR_BASE64_DATA), (c) => c.charCodeAt(0))
与fetch比较
!(async () => {
const start = performance.now();
let i = 0;
while (i++ < 1e3) {
const dataUrl =
"data:application/octet-stream;base64,H4sIAAAAAAAAA0vOzyvOz0nVy8lP10jISM3JyVdIr8osUFCpdkksSdXLyy/X0KxN0ORKHlU3qm5U3ai6UXWj6kauOgBVt1KRLwcAAA==";
body = await (await fetch(dataUrl)).blob();
}
console.log(performance.now() - start); // 508.19999999925494ms
})();
!(async () => {
const start = performance.now();
let i = 0;
while (i++ < 1e3) {
const base64Data =
"H4sIAAAAAAAAA0vOzyvOz0nVy8lP10jISM3JyVdIr8osUFCpdkksSdXLyy/X0KxN0ORKHlU3qm5U3ai6UXWj6kauOgBVt1KRLwcAAA==";
body = Uint8Array.from(atob(base64Data), (c) => c.charCodeAt(0));
}
console.log(performance.now() - start); // 7.899999998509884ms
})();
根据您的数据大小，选择性能一种。
对于所有像我一样喜欢复制粘贴的人来说，这里有一个可以在Chrome、Firefox和Edge上运行的现成下载功能:
window.saveFile = function (bytesBase64, mimeType, fileName) {
var fileUrl = "data:" + mimeType + ";base64," + bytesBase64;
fetch(fileUrl)
.then(response => response.blob())
.then(blob => {
var link = window.document.createElement("a");
link.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob, { type: mimeType });
link.download = fileName;
document.body.appendChild(link);
link.click();
document.body.removeChild(link);
});
}
两种不同的变化
function base64ToBlob(base64, contentType='image/png', chunkLength=512) {
const byteCharsArray = Array.from(atob(base64.substr(base64.indexOf(',') + 1)));
const chunksIterator = new Array(Math.ceil(byteCharsArray.length / chunkLength));
const bytesArrays = [];
for (let c = 0; c < chunksIterator.length; c++) {
bytesArrays.push(new Uint8Array(byteCharsArray.slice(c * chunkLength, chunkLength * (c + 1)).map(s => s.charCodeAt(0))));
}
const blob = new Blob(bytesArrays, {type: contentType});
return blob;
}
/* Not sure how it performs with big images */
async function base64ToBlobLight(base64) { return await fetch(base64).then(res => res.blob()); }
/* Test */
const base64Data = 'data:image/png;base64,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';
const blob = base64ToBlob(base64Data);
const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
const img = document.createElement('img');
img.src = blobUrl;
document.body.appendChild(img);
/**********************/
/* Test */
(async () => {
const blob = await base64ToBlobLight(base64Data);
const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
const img = document.createElement('img');
img.src = blobUrl;
document.body.appendChild(img);
})();
