如何使一个时区感知datetime对象

我需要做什么

我有一个不了解时区的datetime对象，我需要向它添加一个时区，以便能够将它与其他了解时区的datetime对象进行比较。我不想将我的整个应用程序转换为不知道这个遗留情况的时区。

我的努力

首先，演示问题:

Python 2.6.1 (r261:67515, Jun 24 2010, 21:47:49) 
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5646)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import datetime
>>> import pytz
>>> unaware = datetime.datetime(2011,8,15,8,15,12,0)
>>> unaware
datetime.datetime(2011, 8, 15, 8, 15, 12)
>>> aware = datetime.datetime(2011,8,15,8,15,12,0,pytz.UTC)
>>> aware
datetime.datetime(2011, 8, 15, 8, 15, 12, tzinfo=<UTC>)
>>> aware == unaware
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: can't compare offset-naive and offset-aware datetimes

首先，我尝试了astimezone:

>>> unaware.astimezone(pytz.UTC)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: astimezone() cannot be applied to a naive datetime
>>>

这个失败并不奇怪，因为它实际上是在尝试进行转换。Replace似乎是一个更好的选择(如如何在Python中获得“时区感知”的datetime.today()值?):

>>> unaware.replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
datetime.datetime(2011, 8, 15, 8, 15, 12, tzinfo=<UTC>)
>>> unaware == aware
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: can't compare offset-naive and offset-aware datetimes
>>>

但正如您所看到的，replace似乎设置了tzinfo，但并没有使对象感知。我准备在解析输入字符串之前修改输入字符串以获得时区(如果有问题的话，我将使用dateutil进行解析)，但这似乎非常笨拙。

此外，我在Python 2.6和Python 2.7中都尝试了这一点，得到了相同的结果。

上下文

I am writing a parser for some data files. There is an old format I need to support where the date string does not have a timezone indicator. I've already fixed the data source, but I still need to support the legacy data format. A one time conversion of the legacy data is not an option for various business BS reasons. While in general, I do not like the idea of hard-coding a default timezone, in this case it seems like the best option. I know with reasonable confidence that all the legacy data in question is in UTC, so I'm prepared to accept the risk of defaulting to that in this case.

当前回答

unutbu回答的格式;我做了一个实用模块，用更直观的语法来处理这样的事情。可以用pip安装。

import datetime
import saturn

unaware = datetime.datetime(2011, 8, 15, 8, 15, 12, 0)
now_aware = saturn.fix_naive(unaware)

now_aware_madrid = saturn.fix_naive(unaware, 'Europe/Madrid')

2016-09-25 23:31:51

其他回答

还有另一种让datetime对象不幼稚的方法:

>>> from datetime import datetime, timezone
>>> datetime.now(timezone.utc)
datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 1, 22, 51, 16, 219942, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)

2021-05-01 22:56:37

使用dateutil.tz.tzlocal()来获取你使用datetime.datetime.now()和datetime.datetime.astimezone()时的时区:

from datetime import datetime
from dateutil import tz

unlocalisedDatetime = datetime.now()

localisedDatetime1 = datetime.now(tz = tz.tzlocal())
localisedDatetime2 = datetime(2017, 6, 24, 12, 24, 36, tz.tzlocal())
localisedDatetime3 = unlocalisedDatetime.astimezone(tz = tz.tzlocal())
localisedDatetime4 = unlocalisedDatetime.replace(tzinfo = tz.tzlocal())

注意datetime。astimezone首先将datetime对象转换为UTC，然后转换为时区，这与调用datetime相同。将原时区信息替换为None。

2017-06-24 12:58:16

一般来说，要使naive datetime具有时区感知，请使用localalize方法:

import datetime
import pytz

unaware = datetime.datetime(2011, 8, 15, 8, 15, 12, 0)
aware = datetime.datetime(2011, 8, 15, 8, 15, 12, 0, pytz.UTC)

now_aware = pytz.utc.localize(unaware)
assert aware == now_aware

对于UTC时区，实际上没有必要使用本地化，因为没有日光节约时间计算要处理:

now_aware = unaware.replace(tzinfo=pytz.UTC)

的工作原理。（.Replace返回一个新的日期时间;它不会无意识地修改。)

2011-08-15 13:03:52

所有这些例子都使用了一个外部模块，但你可以只使用datetime模块来实现相同的结果，正如下面的SO答案所示:

from datetime import datetime, timezone

dt = datetime.now()
dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)

print(dt.isoformat())
# '2017-01-12T22:11:31+00:00'

更少的依赖，没有pytz问题。

注意:如果你想在python3和python2中使用它，你也可以在时区导入中使用它(为UTC硬编码):

try:
    from datetime import timezone
    utc = timezone.utc
except ImportError:
    #Hi there python2 user
    class UTC(tzinfo):
        def utcoffset(self, dt):
            return timedelta(0)
        def tzname(self, dt):
            return "UTC"
        def dst(self, dt):
            return timedelta(0)
    utc = UTC()

2017-01-12 22:30:23

我在2011年写了这个Python 2脚本，但从未检查过它是否能在Python 3上运行。

我已经从dt_aware移动到dt_unconscious:

dt_unaware = dt_aware.replace(tzinfo=None)

dt_unware到dt_aware:

from pytz import timezone
localtz = timezone('Europe/Lisbon')
dt_aware = localtz.localize(dt_unware)

2011-11-22 00:34:32

如何使一个时区感知datetime对象

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