我有一个这样的字符串:
this is "a test"
我试图在Python中写一些东西,通过空格分割它,同时忽略引号中的空格。我想要的结果是:
['this', 'is', 'a test']
PS,我知道你会问“如果引号中有引号会发生什么,在我的应用程序中,这永远不会发生。
我有一个这样的字符串:
this is "a test"
我试图在Python中写一些东西,通过空格分割它,同时忽略引号中的空格。我想要的结果是:
['this', 'is', 'a test']
PS,我知道你会问“如果引号中有引号会发生什么,在我的应用程序中,这永远不会发生。
当前回答
我建议:
测试字符串:
s = 'abc "ad" \'fg\' "kk\'rdt\'" zzz"34"zzz "" \'\''
也要捕捉""和":
import re
re.findall(r'"[^"]*"|\'[^\']*\'|[^"\'\s]+',s)
结果:
['abc', '"ad"', "'fg'", '"kk\'rdt\'"', 'zzz', '"34"', 'zzz', '""', "''"]
忽略空的""和":
import re
re.findall(r'"[^"]+"|\'[^\']+\'|[^"\'\s]+',s)
结果:
['abc', '"ad"', "'fg'", '"kk\'rdt\'"', 'zzz', '"34"', 'zzz']
其他回答
试试这个:
def adamsplit(s):
result = []
inquotes = False
for substring in s.split('"'):
if not inquotes:
result.extend(substring.split())
else:
result.append(substring)
inquotes = not inquotes
return result
一些测试字符串:
'This is "a test"' -> ['This', 'is', 'a test']
'"This is \'a test\'"' -> ["This is 'a test'"]
你需要从内置的shlex模块中分离。
>>> import shlex
>>> shlex.split('this is "a test"')
['this', 'is', 'a test']
这应该是你想要的效果。
如果你想保留引号,那么你可以传递posix=False kwarg。
>>> shlex.split('this is "a test"', posix=False)
['this', 'is', '"a test"']
如果你不关心子字符串
>>> 'a short sized string with spaces '.split()
性能:
>>> s = " ('a short sized string with spaces '*100).split() "
>>> t = timeit.Timer(stmt=s)
>>> print "%.2f usec/pass" % (1000000 * t.timeit(number=100000)/100000)
171.39 usec/pass
或者字符串模块
>>> from string import split as stringsplit;
>>> stringsplit('a short sized string with spaces '*100)
性能:String模块的性能似乎比字符串方法更好
>>> s = "stringsplit('a short sized string with spaces '*100)"
>>> t = timeit.Timer(s, "from string import split as stringsplit")
>>> print "%.2f usec/pass" % (1000000 * t.timeit(number=100000)/100000)
154.88 usec/pass
或者你可以使用RE引擎
>>> from re import split as resplit
>>> regex = '\s+'
>>> medstring = 'a short sized string with spaces '*100
>>> resplit(regex, medstring)
性能
>>> s = "resplit(regex, medstring)"
>>> t = timeit.Timer(s, "from re import split as resplit; regex='\s+'; medstring='a short sized string with spaces '*100")
>>> print "%.2f usec/pass" % (1000000 * t.timeit(number=100000)/100000)
540.21 usec/pass
对于非常长的字符串,您不应该将整个字符串加载到内存中,而是将行分开或使用迭代循环
由于这个问题带有正则表达式,我决定尝试正则表达式方法。我首先将引号部分中的所有空格替换为\x00,然后按空格分割,然后将\x00替换回每个部分中的空格。
这两个版本都做同样的事情,但是splitter比splitter2更具可读性。
import re
s = 'this is "a test" some text "another test"'
def splitter(s):
def replacer(m):
return m.group(0).replace(" ", "\x00")
parts = re.sub('".+?"', replacer, s).split()
parts = [p.replace("\x00", " ") for p in parts]
return parts
def splitter2(s):
return [p.replace("\x00", " ") for p in re.sub('".+?"', lambda m: m.group(0).replace(" ", "\x00"), s).split()]
print splitter2(s)
我建议:
测试字符串:
s = 'abc "ad" \'fg\' "kk\'rdt\'" zzz"34"zzz "" \'\''
也要捕捉""和":
import re
re.findall(r'"[^"]*"|\'[^\']*\'|[^"\'\s]+',s)
结果:
['abc', '"ad"', "'fg'", '"kk\'rdt\'"', 'zzz', '"34"', 'zzz', '""', "''"]
忽略空的""和":
import re
re.findall(r'"[^"]+"|\'[^\']+\'|[^"\'\s]+',s)
结果:
['abc', '"ad"', "'fg'", '"kk\'rdt\'"', 'zzz', '"34"', 'zzz']