试试这个:

  def adamsplit(s):
    result = []
    inquotes = False
    for substring in s.split('"'):
      if not inquotes:
        result.extend(substring.split())
      else:
        result.append(substring)
      inquotes = not inquotes
    return result

一些测试字符串:

'This is "a test"' -> ['This', 'is', 'a test']
'"This is \'a test\'"' -> ["This is 'a test'"]

你需要从内置的shlex模块中分离。

>>> import shlex
>>> shlex.split('this is "a test"')
['this', 'is', 'a test']

这应该是你想要的效果。

如果你想保留引号，那么你可以传递posix=False kwarg。

>>> shlex.split('this is "a test"', posix=False)
['this', 'is', '"a test"']

由于性能原因，re似乎更快。下面是我的解决方案，使用最小贪婪操作符，保留外部引号:

re.findall("(?:\".*?\"|\S)+", s)

结果:

['this', 'is', '"a test"']

它将像aaa“bla blub”bbb这样的结构放在一起，因为这些标记没有被空格分隔。如果字符串包含转义字符，你可以这样匹配:

>>> a = "She said \"He said, \\\"My name is Mark.\\\"\""
>>> a
'She said "He said, \\"My name is Mark.\\""'
>>> for i in re.findall("(?:\".*?[^\\\\]\"|\S)+", a): print(i)
...
She
said
"He said, \"My name is Mark.\""

请注意，这也通过模式的\S部分来匹配空字符串“”。

我建议:

测试字符串:

s = 'abc "ad" \'fg\' "kk\'rdt\'" zzz"34"zzz "" \'\''

也要捕捉""和":

import re
re.findall(r'"[^"]*"|\'[^\']*\'|[^"\'\s]+',s)

结果:

['abc', '"ad"', "'fg'", '"kk\'rdt\'"', 'zzz', '"34"', 'zzz', '""', "''"]

忽略空的""和":

import re
re.findall(r'"[^"]+"|\'[^\']+\'|[^"\'\s]+',s)

结果:

['abc', '"ad"', "'fg'", '"kk\'rdt\'"', 'zzz', '"34"', 'zzz']

我看到这里的正则表达式方法看起来很复杂和/或错误。这让我很惊讶，因为正则表达式语法可以很容易地描述“空格或引号包围的东西”，而且大多数正则表达式引擎(包括Python的)都可以在正则表达式上进行拆分。所以如果你要使用正则表达式，为什么不直接说出你的意思呢?：

test = 'this is "a test"'  # or "this is 'a test'"
# pieces = [p for p in re.split("( |[\\\"'].*[\\\"'])", test) if p.strip()]
# From comments, use this:
pieces = [p for p in re.split("( |\\\".*?\\\"|'.*?')", test) if p.strip()]

解释:

[\\\"'] = double-quote or single-quote
.* = anything
( |X) = space or X
.strip() = remove space and empty-string separators

不过，Shlex可能提供更多的特性。

要保留引号，使用这个函数:

def getArgs(s):
    args = []
    cur = ''
    inQuotes = 0
    for char in s.strip():
        if char == ' ' and not inQuotes:
            args.append(cur)
            cur = ''
        elif char == '"' and not inQuotes:
            inQuotes = 1
            cur += char
        elif char == '"' and inQuotes:
            inQuotes = 0
            cur += char
        else:
            cur += char
    args.append(cur)
    return args