我有一个这样的字符串:
this is "a test"
我试图在Python中写一些东西,通过空格分割它,同时忽略引号中的空格。我想要的结果是:
['this', 'is', 'a test']
PS,我知道你会问“如果引号中有引号会发生什么,在我的应用程序中,这永远不会发生。
我有一个这样的字符串:
this is "a test"
我试图在Python中写一些东西,通过空格分割它,同时忽略引号中的空格。我想要的结果是:
['this', 'is', 'a test']
PS,我知道你会问“如果引号中有引号会发生什么,在我的应用程序中,这永远不会发生。
当前回答
根据你的用例,你可能还想检查csv模块:
import csv
lines = ['this is "a string"', 'and more "stuff"']
for row in csv.reader(lines, delimiter=" "):
print(row)
输出:
['this', 'is', 'a string']
['and', 'more', 'stuff']
其他回答
不同答案的速度测试:
import re
import shlex
import csv
line = 'this is "a test"'
%timeit [p for p in re.split("( |\\\".*?\\\"|'.*?')", line) if p.strip()]
100000 loops, best of 3: 5.17 µs per loop
%timeit re.findall(r'[^"\s]\S*|".+?"', line)
100000 loops, best of 3: 2.88 µs per loop
%timeit list(csv.reader([line], delimiter=" "))
The slowest run took 9.62 times longer than the fastest. This could mean that an intermediate result is being cached.
100000 loops, best of 3: 2.4 µs per loop
%timeit shlex.split(line)
10000 loops, best of 3: 50.2 µs per loop
根据你的用例,你可能还想检查csv模块:
import csv
lines = ['this is "a string"', 'and more "stuff"']
for row in csv.reader(lines, delimiter=" "):
print(row)
输出:
['this', 'is', 'a string']
['and', 'more', 'stuff']
我用shlex。拆分来处理七千万行鱿鱼日志,太慢了。所以我换成了re。
请尝试这个,如果你有性能问题与shlex。
import re
def line_split(line):
return re.findall(r'[^"\s]\S*|".+?"', line)
要保留引号,使用这个函数:
def getArgs(s):
args = []
cur = ''
inQuotes = 0
for char in s.strip():
if char == ' ' and not inQuotes:
args.append(cur)
cur = ''
elif char == '"' and not inQuotes:
inQuotes = 1
cur += char
elif char == '"' and inQuotes:
inQuotes = 0
cur += char
else:
cur += char
args.append(cur)
return args
由于性能原因,re似乎更快。下面是我的解决方案,使用最小贪婪操作符,保留外部引号:
re.findall("(?:\".*?\"|\S)+", s)
结果:
['this', 'is', '"a test"']
它将像aaa“bla blub”bbb这样的结构放在一起,因为这些标记没有被空格分隔。如果字符串包含转义字符,你可以这样匹配:
>>> a = "She said \"He said, \\\"My name is Mark.\\\"\""
>>> a
'She said "He said, \\"My name is Mark.\\""'
>>> for i in re.findall("(?:\".*?[^\\\\]\"|\S)+", a): print(i)
...
She
said
"He said, \"My name is Mark.\""
请注意,这也通过模式的\S部分来匹配空字符串“”。