假设input是一个迭代器，下面是使用itertools中的tee和izip的方法:

from itertools import tee, izip
items, between = tee(input_iterator, 2)  # Input must be an iterator.
first = items.next()
do_to_every_item(first)  # All "do to every" operations done to first item go here.
for i, b in izip(items, between):
    do_between_items(b)  # All "between" operations go here.
    do_to_every_item(i)  # All "do to every" operations go here.

演示:

>>> def do_every(x): print "E", x
...
>>> def do_between(x): print "B", x
...
>>> test_input = iter(range(5))
>>>
>>> from itertools import tee, izip
>>>
>>> items, between = tee(test_input, 2)
>>> first = items.next()
>>> do_every(first)
E 0
>>> for i,b in izip(items, between):
...     do_between(b)
...     do_every(i)
...
B 0
E 1
B 1
E 2
B 2
E 3
B 3
E 4
>>>

这是一个老问题，已经有很多很好的回答了，但我觉得这很python:

def rev_enumerate(lst):
    """
    Similar to enumerate(), but counts DOWN to the last element being the
    zeroth, rather than counting UP from the first element being the zeroth.

    Since the length has to be determined up-front, this is not suitable for
    open-ended iterators.

    Parameters
    ----------
    lst : Iterable
        An iterable with a length (list, tuple, dict, set).

    Yields
    ------
    tuple
        A tuple with the reverse cardinal number of the element, followed by
        the element of the iterable.
    """
    length = len(lst) - 1
    for i, element in enumerate(lst):
        yield length - i, element

这样用:

for num_remaining, item in rev_enumerate(['a', 'b', 'c']):
    if not num_remaining:
        print(f'This is the last item in the list: {item}')

或者你想做相反的事情:

for num_remaining, item in rev_enumerate(['a', 'b', 'c']):
    if num_remaining:
        print(f'This is NOT the last item in the list: {item}')

或者，只是想知道当你走的时候还剩下多少……

for num_remaining, item in rev_enumerate(['a', 'b', 'c']):
    print(f'After {item}, there are {num_remaining} items.')

我认为现有枚举的通用性和熟悉性使其最具python性。

注意，与enumerate()不同，rev_enumerate()要求输入实现__len__，但这包括列表、元组、字典和集。

大多数情况下，让第一次迭代成为特殊情况比最后一次迭代更容易(也更便宜):

first = True
for data in data_list:
    if first:
        first = False
    else:
        between_items()

    item()

这将适用于任何迭代对象，即使是那些没有len()的迭代对象:

file = open('/path/to/file')
for line in file:
    process_line(line)

    # No way of telling if this is the last line!

除此之外，我不认为有更好的解决方案，因为这取决于你想要做什么。例如，如果您正在从列表中构建字符串，那么使用str.join()自然比使用“带有特殊情况”的For循环更好。

使用相同的原理，但更紧凑:

for i, line in enumerate(data_list):
    if i > 0:
        between_items()
    item()

看起来很眼熟，不是吗?：）

对于@ofko，以及其他真正需要找出不带len()的可迭代对象的当前值是否为最后一个值的人，你需要向前看:

def lookahead(iterable):
    """Pass through all values from the given iterable, augmented by the
    information if there are more values to come after the current one
    (True), or if it is the last value (False).
    """
    # Get an iterator and pull the first value.
    it = iter(iterable)
    last = next(it)
    # Run the iterator to exhaustion (starting from the second value).
    for val in it:
        # Report the *previous* value (more to come).
        yield last, True
        last = val
    # Report the last value.
    yield last, False

然后你可以这样使用它:

>>> for i, has_more in lookahead(range(3)):
...     print(i, has_more)
0 True
1 True
2 False

如果你正在浏览这个列表，这对我来说也是有效的:

for j in range(0, len(Array)):
    if len(Array) - j > 1:
        notLast()

因此，这绝对不是“更短”的版本——如果“最短”和“Pythonic”实际上是兼容的，人们可能会离题。

但如果经常需要这种模式，就把逻辑放到a中 10行生成器-并获得与元素相关的任何元数据 在for调用中直接定位。这里的另一个优势是它会 适用于任意可迭代对象，而不仅仅是序列。

_sentinel = object()

def iter_check_last(iterable):
    iterable = iter(iterable)
    current_element = next(iterable, _sentinel)
    while current_element is not _sentinel:
        next_element = next(iterable, _sentinel)
        yield (next_element is _sentinel, current_element)
        current_element = next_element

In [107]: for is_last, el in iter_check_last(range(3)):
     ...:     print(is_last, el)
     ...: 
     ...: 
False 0
False 1
True 2

我们可以用for-else来实现

cities = [
  'Jakarta',
  'Surabaya',
  'Semarang'
]

for city in cities[:-1]:
  print(city)
else:
  print(' '.join(cities[-1].upper()))

输出:

Jakarta
Surabaya
S E M A R A N G

这个想法是我们只使用for-else循环直到n-1索引，然后在for耗尽后，我们使用[-1]直接访问最后一个索引。