当使用for循环迭代时，我如何处理输入的最后一个元素?特别是，如果有代码应该只出现在元素之间(而不是在最后一个元素之后)，我该如何构造代码?
目前，我写的代码是这样的:
for i, data in enumerate(data_list):
code_that_is_done_for_every_element
if i != len(data_list) - 1:
code_that_is_done_between_elements
我如何简化或改进它?
当前回答
假设input是一个迭代器，下面是使用itertools中的tee和izip的方法:
from itertools import tee, izip
items, between = tee(input_iterator, 2) # Input must be an iterator.
first = items.next()
do_to_every_item(first) # All "do to every" operations done to first item go here.
for i, b in izip(items, between):
do_between_items(b) # All "between" operations go here.
do_to_every_item(i) # All "do to every" operations go here.
演示:
>>> def do_every(x): print "E", x
...
>>> def do_between(x): print "B", x
...
>>> test_input = iter(range(5))
>>>
>>> from itertools import tee, izip
>>>
>>> items, between = tee(test_input, 2)
>>> first = items.next()
>>> do_every(first)
E 0
>>> for i,b in izip(items, between):
... do_between(b)
... do_every(i)
...
B 0
E 1
B 1
E 2
B 2
E 3
B 3
E 4
>>>
其他回答
我只是遇到了这个问题，我的通用解决方案使用迭代器:
from typing import TypeVar, Iterable
E = TypeVar('E')
def metait(i: Iterable[E]) -> Iterable[tuple[E, bool, bool]]:
first = True
previous = None
for elem in i:
if previous:
yield previous, first, False
first = False
previous = elem
if previous:
yield previous, first, True
您将收到一个元组，其中包含第一项和最后一项的原始元素和标志。它可以用于每个可迭代对象:
d = {'a': (1,2,3), 'b': (4,5,6), 'c': (7,8,9)}
for (k,v), is_first, is_last in metait(d.items()):
print(f'{k}: {v} {is_first} {is_last}')
这将给你:
a: (1, 2, 3) True False
b: (4, 5, 6) False False
c: (7, 8, 9) False True
将最后一项的特殊处理延迟到循环之后。
>>> for i in (1, 2, 3):
... pass
...
>>> i
3
如果项目是唯一的:
for x in list:
#code
if x == list[-1]:
#code
其他选项:
pos = -1
for x in list:
pos += 1
#code
if pos == len(list) - 1:
#code
for x in list:
#code
#code - e.g. print x
if len(list) > 0:
for x in list[:-1]:
#process everything except the last element
for x in list[-1:]:
#process only last element
有多种方法。切片是最快的。再添加一个使用.index()方法的:
>>> l1 = [1,5,2,3,5,1,7,43]
>>> [i for i in l1 if l1.index(i)+1==len(l1)]
[43]
你的方法没有错，除非你有10万个循环，想要保存10万个“if”语句。在这种情况下，你可以这样做:
iterable = [1,2,3] # Your date
iterator = iter(iterable) # get the data iterator
try : # wrap all in a try / except
while 1 :
item = iterator.next()
print item # put the "for loop" code here
except StopIteration, e : # make the process on the last element here
print item
输出:
1
2
3
3
但说真的，在你的情况下，我觉得这太过分了。
在任何情况下，你可能会更幸运的切片:
for item in iterable[:-1] :
print item
print "last :", iterable[-1]
#outputs
1
2
last : 3
或者只是:
for item in iterable :
print item
print iterable[-1]
#outputs
1
2
3
last : 3
最终，一个KISS的方式来做你的事情，这将适用于任何迭代对象，包括那些没有__len__的迭代对象:
item = ''
for item in iterable :
print item
print item
Ouputs:
1
2
3
3
如果我这样做的话，对我来说很简单。
