当使用for循环迭代时，我如何处理输入的最后一个元素?特别是，如果有代码应该只出现在元素之间(而不是在最后一个元素之后)，我该如何构造代码?
目前，我写的代码是这样的:
for i, data in enumerate(data_list):
code_that_is_done_for_every_element
if i != len(data_list) - 1:
code_that_is_done_between_elements
我如何简化或改进它?
当前回答
如果项目是唯一的:
for x in list:
#code
if x == list[-1]:
#code
其他选项:
pos = -1
for x in list:
pos += 1
#code
if pos == len(list) - 1:
#code
for x in list:
#code
#code - e.g. print x
if len(list) > 0:
for x in list[:-1]:
#process everything except the last element
for x in list[-1:]:
#process only last element
其他回答
假设input是一个迭代器，下面是使用itertools中的tee和izip的方法:
from itertools import tee, izip
items, between = tee(input_iterator, 2) # Input must be an iterator.
first = items.next()
do_to_every_item(first) # All "do to every" operations done to first item go here.
for i, b in izip(items, between):
do_between_items(b) # All "between" operations go here.
do_to_every_item(i) # All "do to every" operations go here.
演示:
>>> def do_every(x): print "E", x
...
>>> def do_between(x): print "B", x
...
>>> test_input = iter(range(5))
>>>
>>> from itertools import tee, izip
>>>
>>> items, between = tee(test_input, 2)
>>> first = items.next()
>>> do_every(first)
E 0
>>> for i,b in izip(items, between):
... do_between(b)
... do_every(i)
...
B 0
E 1
B 1
E 2
B 2
E 3
B 3
E 4
>>>
我们可以用for-else来实现
cities = [
'Jakarta',
'Surabaya',
'Semarang'
]
for city in cities[:-1]:
print(city)
else:
print(' '.join(cities[-1].upper()))
输出:
Jakarta
Surabaya
S E M A R A N G
这个想法是我们只使用for-else循环直到n-1索引，然后在for耗尽后，我们使用[-1]直接访问最后一个索引。
我发现在循环表达式之前定义循环值很方便。对于这个方框示例，匹配循环中的值，或者其他可能需要它的地方。
numberofboxes = 1411
for j in range(1,numberofboxes):
if j != numberofboxes - 1:
print ("},")
else:
print("}")
你的方法没有错，除非你有10万个循环，想要保存10万个“if”语句。在这种情况下，你可以这样做:
iterable = [1,2,3] # Your date
iterator = iter(iterable) # get the data iterator
try : # wrap all in a try / except
while 1 :
item = iterator.next()
print item # put the "for loop" code here
except StopIteration, e : # make the process on the last element here
print item
输出:
1
2
3
3
但说真的，在你的情况下，我觉得这太过分了。
在任何情况下，你可能会更幸运的切片:
for item in iterable[:-1] :
print item
print "last :", iterable[-1]
#outputs
1
2
last : 3
或者只是:
for item in iterable :
print item
print iterable[-1]
#outputs
1
2
3
last : 3
最终，一个KISS的方式来做你的事情，这将适用于任何迭代对象，包括那些没有__len__的迭代对象:
item = ''
for item in iterable :
print item
print item
Ouputs:
1
2
3
3
如果我这样做的话，对我来说很简单。
这是一个老问题，已经有很多很好的回答了，但我觉得这很python:
def rev_enumerate(lst):
"""
Similar to enumerate(), but counts DOWN to the last element being the
zeroth, rather than counting UP from the first element being the zeroth.
Since the length has to be determined up-front, this is not suitable for
open-ended iterators.
Parameters
----------
lst : Iterable
An iterable with a length (list, tuple, dict, set).
Yields
------
tuple
A tuple with the reverse cardinal number of the element, followed by
the element of the iterable.
"""
length = len(lst) - 1
for i, element in enumerate(lst):
yield length - i, element
这样用:
for num_remaining, item in rev_enumerate(['a', 'b', 'c']):
if not num_remaining:
print(f'This is the last item in the list: {item}')
或者你想做相反的事情:
for num_remaining, item in rev_enumerate(['a', 'b', 'c']):
if num_remaining:
print(f'This is NOT the last item in the list: {item}')
或者，只是想知道当你走的时候还剩下多少……
for num_remaining, item in rev_enumerate(['a', 'b', 'c']):
print(f'After {item}, there are {num_remaining} items.')
我认为现有枚举的通用性和熟悉性使其最具python性。
注意，与enumerate()不同，rev_enumerate()要求输入实现__len__，但这包括列表、元组、字典和集。
