根据开始、包含和结束获取名称和子设置:

# from: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21285380/find-column-whose-name-contains-a-specific-string
# from: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.Series.str.contains.html
# from: https://cmdlinetips.com/2019/04/how-to-select-columns-using-prefix-suffix-of-column-names-in-pandas/
# from: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.filter.html




import pandas as pd



data = {'spike_starts': [1,2,3], 'ends_spike_starts': [4,5,6], 'ends_spike': [7,8,9], 'not': [10,11,12]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)



print("\n")
print("----------------------------------------")
colNames_contains = df.columns[df.columns.str.contains(pat = 'spike')].tolist() 
print("Contains")
print(colNames_contains)



print("\n")
print("----------------------------------------")
colNames_starts = df.columns[df.columns.str.contains(pat = '^spike')].tolist() 
print("Starts")
print(colNames_starts)



print("\n")
print("----------------------------------------")
colNames_ends = df.columns[df.columns.str.contains(pat = 'spike$')].tolist() 
print("Ends")
print(colNames_ends)



print("\n")
print("----------------------------------------")
df_subset_start = df.filter(regex='^spike',axis=1)
print("Starts")
print(df_subset_start)



print("\n")
print("----------------------------------------")
df_subset_contains = df.filter(regex='spike',axis=1)
print("Contains")
print(df_subset_contains)



print("\n")
print("----------------------------------------")
df_subset_ends = df.filter(regex='spike$',axis=1)
print("Ends")
print(df_subset_ends)

这个答案使用了DataFrame。过滤器方法来做这个没有列表理解:

import pandas as pd

data = {'spike-2': [1,2,3], 'hey spke': [4,5,6]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

print(df.filter(like='spike').columns)

只输出'spike-2'。你也可以使用regex，正如一些人在上面的评论中建议的那样:

print(df.filter(regex='spike|spke').columns)

将输出两个列:['spike-2'， 'hey spke']

根据开始、包含和结束获取名称和子设置:

# from: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21285380/find-column-whose-name-contains-a-specific-string
# from: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.Series.str.contains.html
# from: https://cmdlinetips.com/2019/04/how-to-select-columns-using-prefix-suffix-of-column-names-in-pandas/
# from: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.filter.html




import pandas as pd



data = {'spike_starts': [1,2,3], 'ends_spike_starts': [4,5,6], 'ends_spike': [7,8,9], 'not': [10,11,12]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)



print("\n")
print("----------------------------------------")
colNames_contains = df.columns[df.columns.str.contains(pat = 'spike')].tolist() 
print("Contains")
print(colNames_contains)



print("\n")
print("----------------------------------------")
colNames_starts = df.columns[df.columns.str.contains(pat = '^spike')].tolist() 
print("Starts")
print(colNames_starts)



print("\n")
print("----------------------------------------")
colNames_ends = df.columns[df.columns.str.contains(pat = 'spike$')].tolist() 
print("Ends")
print(colNames_ends)



print("\n")
print("----------------------------------------")
df_subset_start = df.filter(regex='^spike',axis=1)
print("Starts")
print(df_subset_start)



print("\n")
print("----------------------------------------")
df_subset_contains = df.filter(regex='spike',axis=1)
print("Contains")
print(df_subset_contains)



print("\n")
print("----------------------------------------")
df_subset_ends = df.filter(regex='spike$',axis=1)
print("Ends")
print(df_subset_ends)

# select columns containing 'spike'
df.filter(like='spike', axis=1)

也可以按名称、正则表达式选择。参考:pandas.DataFrame.filter

另一个解决方案是返回df的一个子集，其中包含所需的列:

df[df.columns[df.columns.str.contains("spike|spke")]]

只需要迭代DataFrame。列，现在这是一个例子，在这个例子中，你将以一个匹配的列名列表结束:

import pandas as pd

data = {'spike-2': [1,2,3], 'hey spke': [4,5,6], 'spiked-in': [7,8,9], 'no': [10,11,12]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

spike_cols = [col for col in df.columns if 'spike' in col]
print(list(df.columns))
print(spike_cols)

输出:

['hey spke', 'no', 'spike-2', 'spiked-in']
['spike-2', 'spiked-in']

解释:

df。Columns返回列名列表 [col为df中的col。列如果'spike'在col]迭代列表df。如果col包含'spike'，则将其添加到结果列表中。这个语法是列表理解。

如果你只想要匹配的列的结果数据集，你可以这样做:

df2 = df.filter(regex='spike')
print(df2)

输出:

   spike-2  spiked-in
0        1          7
1        2          8
2        3          9