通过使用Http,我们调用一个方法来进行网络调用,并返回一个Http可观察对象:

getCustomer() {
    return this.http.get('/someUrl').map(res => res.json());
}

如果我们获取这个可观察对象并向其添加多个订阅者:

let network$ = getCustomer();

let subscriber1 = network$.subscribe(...);
let subscriber2 = network$.subscribe(...);

我们要做的是确保这不会导致多个网络请求。

这似乎是一个不寻常的场景,但实际上很常见:例如,如果调用者订阅了可观察对象以显示错误消息,并使用异步管道将其传递给模板,那么我们已经有两个订阅者了。

在RxJs 5中正确的方法是什么?

也就是说,这似乎工作得很好:

getCustomer() {
    return this.http.get('/someUrl').map(res => res.json()).share();
}

但是这是RxJs 5中惯用的方法吗,或者我们应该用别的方法来代替?

注意:根据Angular 5的新HttpClient,所有示例中的.map(res => res. JSON())部分现在都是无用的,因为现在默认假设JSON结果。


当前回答

您选择的实现将取决于是否希望unsubscribe()取消您的HTTP请求。

在任何情况下,TypeScript装饰器都是标准化行为的好方法。这是我写的:

  @CacheObservableArgsKey
  getMyThing(id: string): Observable<any> {
    return this.http.get('things/'+id);
  }

装饰器定义:

/**
 * Decorator that replays and connects to the Observable returned from the function.
 * Caches the result using all arguments to form a key.
 * @param target
 * @param name
 * @param descriptor
 * @returns {PropertyDescriptor}
 */
export function CacheObservableArgsKey(target: Object, name: string, descriptor: PropertyDescriptor) {
  const originalFunc = descriptor.value;
  const cacheMap = new Map<string, any>();
  descriptor.value = function(this: any, ...args: any[]): any {
    const key = args.join('::');

    let returnValue = cacheMap.get(key);
    if (returnValue !== undefined) {
      console.log(`${name} cache-hit ${key}`, returnValue);
      return returnValue;
    }

    returnValue = originalFunc.apply(this, args);
    console.log(`${name} cache-miss ${key} new`, returnValue);
    if (returnValue instanceof Observable) {
      returnValue = returnValue.publishReplay(1);
      returnValue.connect();
    }
    else {
      console.warn('CacheHttpArgsKey: value not an Observable cannot publishReplay and connect', returnValue);
    }
    cacheMap.set(key, returnValue);
    return returnValue;
  };

  return descriptor;
}

其他回答

你可以简单地使用ngx-cacheable!它更适合你的场景。

使用这个的好处 它只调用rest API一次,缓存响应并为接下来的请求返回相同的响应。 在创建/更新/删除操作后,可以根据需要调用API。

那么,你的服务等级应该是这样的

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Cacheable, CacheBuster } from 'ngx-cacheable';

const customerNotifier = new Subject();

@Injectable()
export class customersService {

    // relieves all its caches when any new value is emitted in the stream using notifier
    @Cacheable({
        cacheBusterObserver: customerNotifier,
        async: true
    })
    getCustomer() {
        return this.http.get('/someUrl').map(res => res.json());
    }

    // notifies the observer to refresh the data
    @CacheBuster({
        cacheBusterNotifier: customerNotifier
    })
    addCustomer() {
        // some code
    }

    // notifies the observer to refresh the data
    @CacheBuster({
        cacheBusterNotifier: customerNotifier
    })
    updateCustomer() {
        // some code
    }
}

这里有更多的参考链接。

根据@Cristian的建议,这是一种适用于HTTP可观察对象的方法,它只发射一次,然后就完成了:

getCustomer() {
    return this.http.get('/someUrl')
        .map(res => res.json()).publishLast().refCount();
}

您选择的实现将取决于是否希望unsubscribe()取消您的HTTP请求。

在任何情况下,TypeScript装饰器都是标准化行为的好方法。这是我写的:

  @CacheObservableArgsKey
  getMyThing(id: string): Observable<any> {
    return this.http.get('things/'+id);
  }

装饰器定义:

/**
 * Decorator that replays and connects to the Observable returned from the function.
 * Caches the result using all arguments to form a key.
 * @param target
 * @param name
 * @param descriptor
 * @returns {PropertyDescriptor}
 */
export function CacheObservableArgsKey(target: Object, name: string, descriptor: PropertyDescriptor) {
  const originalFunc = descriptor.value;
  const cacheMap = new Map<string, any>();
  descriptor.value = function(this: any, ...args: any[]): any {
    const key = args.join('::');

    let returnValue = cacheMap.get(key);
    if (returnValue !== undefined) {
      console.log(`${name} cache-hit ${key}`, returnValue);
      return returnValue;
    }

    returnValue = originalFunc.apply(this, args);
    console.log(`${name} cache-miss ${key} new`, returnValue);
    if (returnValue instanceof Observable) {
      returnValue = returnValue.publishReplay(1);
      returnValue.connect();
    }
    else {
      console.warn('CacheHttpArgsKey: value not an Observable cannot publishReplay and connect', returnValue);
    }
    cacheMap.set(key, returnValue);
    return returnValue;
  };

  return descriptor;
}

rxjs 5.4.0有一个新的shareereplay方法。

rx-book shareReplay () reactivex.io/rxjs没有文档

作者明确地说“这是处理缓存AJAX结果之类的事情的理想选择”

rxjs PR #2443 feat(shaereplay):增加了publishReplay的shaereplay变体

shareereplay返回一个多播源的可观察对象 ReplaySubject。重放主题被错误地从 源,而不是对源的完成。这使得共享重玩 非常适合处理诸如缓存AJAX结果之类的事情 的事情。但是,重复行为不同于分享行为 它不会重复源可观察对象,而是会重复 源可观察对象的值。

我写了一个缓存类,

/**
 * Caches results returned from given fetcher callback for given key,
 * up to maxItems results, deletes the oldest results when full (FIFO).
 */
export class StaticCache
{
    static cachedData: Map<string, any> = new Map<string, any>();
    static maxItems: number = 400;

    static get(key: string){
        return this.cachedData.get(key);
    }

    static getOrFetch(key: string, fetcher: (string) => any): any {
        let value = this.cachedData.get(key);

        if (value != null){
            console.log("Cache HIT! (fetcher)");
            return value;
        }

        console.log("Cache MISS... (fetcher)");
        value = fetcher(key);
        this.add(key, value);
        return value;
    }

    static add(key, value){
        this.cachedData.set(key, value);
        this.deleteOverflowing();
    }

    static deleteOverflowing(): void {
        if (this.cachedData.size > this.maxItems) {
            this.deleteOldest(this.cachedData.size - this.maxItems);
        }
    }

    /// A Map object iterates its elements in insertion order — a for...of loop returns an array of [key, value] for each iteration.
    /// However that seems not to work. Trying with forEach.
    static deleteOldest(howMany: number): void {
        //console.debug("Deleting oldest " + howMany + " of " + this.cachedData.size);
        let iterKeys = this.cachedData.keys();
        let item: IteratorResult<string>;
        while (howMany-- > 0 && (item = iterKeys.next(), !item.done)){
            //console.debug("    Deleting: " + item.value);
            this.cachedData.delete(item.value); // Deleting while iterating should be ok in JS.
        }
    }

    static clear(): void {
        this.cachedData = new Map<string, any>();
    }

}

由于我们使用它的方式不同,所以它都是静态的,但是可以随意地将它变成一个正常的类和服务。我不确定angular是否会一直保持一个实例(对于Angular2来说是新的)。

我是这样使用它的:

            let httpService: Http = this.http;
            function fetcher(url: string): Observable<any> {
                console.log("    Fetching URL: " + url);
                return httpService.get(url).map((response: Response) => {
                    if (!response) return null;
                    if (typeof response.json() !== "array")
                        throw new Error("Graph REST should return an array of vertices.");
                    let items: any[] = graphService.fromJSONarray(response.json(), httpService);
                    return array ? items : items[0];
                });
            }

            // If data is a link, return a result of a service call.
            if (this.data[verticesLabel][name]["link"] || this.data[verticesLabel][name]["_type"] == "link")
            {
                // Make an HTTP call.
                let url = this.data[verticesLabel][name]["link"];
                let cachedObservable: Observable<any> = StaticCache.getOrFetch(url, fetcher);
                if (!cachedObservable)
                    throw new Error("Failed loading link: " + url);
                return cachedObservable;
            }

我认为可能有更聪明的方法,使用一些可观察的技巧,但这对我的目的来说已经很好了。