通过使用Http，我们调用一个方法来进行网络调用，并返回一个Http可观察对象:
getCustomer() {
return this.http.get('/someUrl').map(res => res.json());
}
如果我们获取这个可观察对象并向其添加多个订阅者:
let network$ = getCustomer();
let subscriber1 = network$.subscribe(...);
let subscriber2 = network$.subscribe(...);
我们要做的是确保这不会导致多个网络请求。
这似乎是一个不寻常的场景，但实际上很常见:例如，如果调用者订阅了可观察对象以显示错误消息，并使用异步管道将其传递给模板，那么我们已经有两个订阅者了。
在RxJs 5中正确的方法是什么?
也就是说，这似乎工作得很好:
getCustomer() {
return this.http.get('/someUrl').map(res => res.json()).share();
}
但是这是RxJs 5中惯用的方法吗，或者我们应该用别的方法来代替?
注意:根据Angular 5的新HttpClient，所有示例中的.map(res => res. JSON())部分现在都是无用的，因为现在默认假设JSON结果。
我写了一个缓存类，
/**
* Caches results returned from given fetcher callback for given key,
* up to maxItems results, deletes the oldest results when full (FIFO).
*/
export class StaticCache
{
static cachedData: Map<string, any> = new Map<string, any>();
static maxItems: number = 400;
static get(key: string){
return this.cachedData.get(key);
}
static getOrFetch(key: string, fetcher: (string) => any): any {
let value = this.cachedData.get(key);
if (value != null){
console.log("Cache HIT! (fetcher)");
return value;
}
console.log("Cache MISS... (fetcher)");
value = fetcher(key);
this.add(key, value);
return value;
}
static add(key, value){
this.cachedData.set(key, value);
this.deleteOverflowing();
}
static deleteOverflowing(): void {
if (this.cachedData.size > this.maxItems) {
this.deleteOldest(this.cachedData.size - this.maxItems);
}
}
/// A Map object iterates its elements in insertion order — a for...of loop returns an array of [key, value] for each iteration.
/// However that seems not to work. Trying with forEach.
static deleteOldest(howMany: number): void {
//console.debug("Deleting oldest " + howMany + " of " + this.cachedData.size);
let iterKeys = this.cachedData.keys();
let item: IteratorResult<string>;
while (howMany-- > 0 && (item = iterKeys.next(), !item.done)){
//console.debug(" Deleting: " + item.value);
this.cachedData.delete(item.value); // Deleting while iterating should be ok in JS.
}
}
static clear(): void {
this.cachedData = new Map<string, any>();
}
}
由于我们使用它的方式不同，所以它都是静态的，但是可以随意地将它变成一个正常的类和服务。我不确定angular是否会一直保持一个实例(对于Angular2来说是新的)。
我是这样使用它的:
let httpService: Http = this.http;
function fetcher(url: string): Observable<any> {
console.log(" Fetching URL: " + url);
return httpService.get(url).map((response: Response) => {
if (!response) return null;
if (typeof response.json() !== "array")
throw new Error("Graph REST should return an array of vertices.");
let items: any[] = graphService.fromJSONarray(response.json(), httpService);
return array ? items : items[0];
});
}
// If data is a link, return a result of a service call.
if (this.data[verticesLabel][name]["link"] || this.data[verticesLabel][name]["_type"] == "link")
{
// Make an HTTP call.
let url = this.data[verticesLabel][name]["link"];
let cachedObservable: Observable<any> = StaticCache.getOrFetch(url, fetcher);
if (!cachedObservable)
throw new Error("Failed loading link: " + url);
return cachedObservable;
}
我认为可能有更聪明的方法，使用一些可观察的技巧，但这对我的目的来说已经很好了。
我写了一个缓存类，
/**
* Caches results returned from given fetcher callback for given key,
* up to maxItems results, deletes the oldest results when full (FIFO).
*/
export class StaticCache
{
static cachedData: Map<string, any> = new Map<string, any>();
static maxItems: number = 400;
static get(key: string){
return this.cachedData.get(key);
}
static getOrFetch(key: string, fetcher: (string) => any): any {
let value = this.cachedData.get(key);
if (value != null){
console.log("Cache HIT! (fetcher)");
return value;
}
console.log("Cache MISS... (fetcher)");
value = fetcher(key);
this.add(key, value);
return value;
}
static add(key, value){
this.cachedData.set(key, value);
this.deleteOverflowing();
}
static deleteOverflowing(): void {
if (this.cachedData.size > this.maxItems) {
this.deleteOldest(this.cachedData.size - this.maxItems);
}
}
/// A Map object iterates its elements in insertion order — a for...of loop returns an array of [key, value] for each iteration.
/// However that seems not to work. Trying with forEach.
static deleteOldest(howMany: number): void {
//console.debug("Deleting oldest " + howMany + " of " + this.cachedData.size);
let iterKeys = this.cachedData.keys();
let item: IteratorResult<string>;
while (howMany-- > 0 && (item = iterKeys.next(), !item.done)){
//console.debug(" Deleting: " + item.value);
this.cachedData.delete(item.value); // Deleting while iterating should be ok in JS.
}
}
static clear(): void {
this.cachedData = new Map<string, any>();
}
}
由于我们使用它的方式不同，所以它都是静态的，但是可以随意地将它变成一个正常的类和服务。我不确定angular是否会一直保持一个实例(对于Angular2来说是新的)。
我是这样使用它的:
let httpService: Http = this.http;
function fetcher(url: string): Observable<any> {
console.log(" Fetching URL: " + url);
return httpService.get(url).map((response: Response) => {
if (!response) return null;
if (typeof response.json() !== "array")
throw new Error("Graph REST should return an array of vertices.");
let items: any[] = graphService.fromJSONarray(response.json(), httpService);
return array ? items : items[0];
});
}
// If data is a link, return a result of a service call.
if (this.data[verticesLabel][name]["link"] || this.data[verticesLabel][name]["_type"] == "link")
{
// Make an HTTP call.
let url = this.data[verticesLabel][name]["link"];
let cachedObservable: Observable<any> = StaticCache.getOrFetch(url, fetcher);
if (!cachedObservable)
throw new Error("Failed loading link: " + url);
return cachedObservable;
}
我认为可能有更聪明的方法，使用一些可观察的技巧，但这对我的目的来说已经很好了。
更新:Ben Lesh说在5.2.0之后的下一个小版本中，你将能够调用shareplay()来真正地缓存。
以前……
首先，不要使用share()或publishReplay(1). refcount()，它们是相同的，它的问题是，它只在可观察对象处于活动状态时建立连接时共享，如果你在它完成连接后，它会再次创建一个新的可观察对象，翻译，而不是真正的缓存。
Birowski给出了正确的解决方案，即使用ReplaySubject。ReplaySubject将缓存你给它的值(bufferSize)，在我们的例子中是1。它不会像share()一样在refCount为零时创建一个新的可观察对象，并且你建立了一个新的连接，这是缓存的正确行为。
这是一个可重用函数
export function cacheable<T>(o: Observable<T>): Observable<T> {
let replay = new ReplaySubject<T>(1);
o.subscribe(
x => replay.next(x),
x => replay.error(x),
() => replay.complete()
);
return replay.asObservable();
}
下面是如何使用它
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Http } from '@angular/http';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Observable';
import { cacheable } from '../utils/rxjs-functions';
@Injectable()
export class SettingsService {
_cache: Observable<any>;
constructor(private _http: Http, ) { }
refresh = () => {
if (this._cache) {
return this._cache;
}
return this._cache = cacheable<any>(this._http.get('YOUR URL'));
}
}
下面是一个更高级版本的可缓存函数。这个函数允许有自己的查找表+提供自定义查找表的能力。这样的话，你就不用检查了。_cache就像上面的例子。还要注意的是，你传递的不是可观察对象作为第一个参数，而是一个返回可观察对象的函数，这是因为Angular的Http会立即执行，所以通过返回一个延迟执行的函数，如果它已经在缓存中，我们可以决定不调用它。
let cacheableCache: { [key: string]: Observable<any> } = {};
export function cacheable<T>(returnObservable: () => Observable<T>, key?: string, customCache?: { [key: string]: Observable<T> }): Observable<T> {
if (!!key && (customCache || cacheableCache)[key]) {
return (customCache || cacheableCache)[key] as Observable<T>;
}
let replay = new ReplaySubject<T>(1);
returnObservable().subscribe(
x => replay.next(x),
x => replay.error(x),
() => replay.complete()
);
let observable = replay.asObservable();
if (!!key) {
if (!!customCache) {
customCache[key] = observable;
} else {
cacheableCache[key] = observable;
}
}
return observable;
}
用法:
getData() => cacheable(this._http.get("YOUR URL"), "this is key for my cache")
您选择的实现将取决于是否希望unsubscribe()取消您的HTTP请求。
在任何情况下，TypeScript装饰器都是标准化行为的好方法。这是我写的:
@CacheObservableArgsKey
getMyThing(id: string): Observable<any> {
return this.http.get('things/'+id);
}
装饰器定义:
/**
* Decorator that replays and connects to the Observable returned from the function.
* Caches the result using all arguments to form a key.
* @param target
* @param name
* @param descriptor
* @returns {PropertyDescriptor}
*/
export function CacheObservableArgsKey(target: Object, name: string, descriptor: PropertyDescriptor) {
const originalFunc = descriptor.value;
const cacheMap = new Map<string, any>();
descriptor.value = function(this: any, ...args: any[]): any {
const key = args.join('::');
let returnValue = cacheMap.get(key);
if (returnValue !== undefined) {
console.log(`${name} cache-hit ${key}`, returnValue);
return returnValue;
}
returnValue = originalFunc.apply(this, args);
console.log(`${name} cache-miss ${key} new`, returnValue);
if (returnValue instanceof Observable) {
returnValue = returnValue.publishReplay(1);
returnValue.connect();
}
else {
console.warn('CacheHttpArgsKey: value not an Observable cannot publishReplay and connect', returnValue);
}
cacheMap.set(key, returnValue);
return returnValue;
};
return descriptor;
}
这是.publishReplay (1) .refCount ();或.publishLast () .refCount ();因为Angular Http的可观察对象在请求后完成。
这个简单的类缓存结果，因此您可以多次订阅.value，并且只发出一个请求。你也可以使用.reload()来发出新的请求并发布数据。
你可以这样使用它:
let res = new RestResource(() => this.http.get('inline.bundleo.js'));
res.status.subscribe((loading)=>{
console.log('STATUS=',loading);
});
res.value.subscribe((value) => {
console.log('VALUE=', value);
});
来源是:
export class RestResource {
static readonly LOADING: string = 'RestResource_Loading';
static readonly ERROR: string = 'RestResource_Error';
static readonly IDLE: string = 'RestResource_Idle';
public value: Observable<any>;
public status: Observable<string>;
private loadStatus: Observer<any>;
private reloader: Observable<any>;
private reloadTrigger: Observer<any>;
constructor(requestObservableFn: () => Observable<any>) {
this.status = Observable.create((o) => {
this.loadStatus = o;
});
this.reloader = Observable.create((o: Observer<any>) => {
this.reloadTrigger = o;
});
this.value = this.reloader.startWith(null).switchMap(() => {
if (this.loadStatus) {
this.loadStatus.next(RestResource.LOADING);
}
return requestObservableFn()
.map((res) => {
if (this.loadStatus) {
this.loadStatus.next(RestResource.IDLE);
}
return res;
}).catch((err)=>{
if (this.loadStatus) {
this.loadStatus.next(RestResource.ERROR);
}
return Observable.of(null);
});
}).publishReplay(1).refCount();
}
reload() {
this.reloadTrigger.next(null);
}
}
