通过使用Http，我们调用一个方法来进行网络调用，并返回一个Http可观察对象:
getCustomer() {
return this.http.get('/someUrl').map(res => res.json());
}
如果我们获取这个可观察对象并向其添加多个订阅者:
let network$ = getCustomer();
let subscriber1 = network$.subscribe(...);
let subscriber2 = network$.subscribe(...);
我们要做的是确保这不会导致多个网络请求。
这似乎是一个不寻常的场景，但实际上很常见:例如，如果调用者订阅了可观察对象以显示错误消息，并使用异步管道将其传递给模板，那么我们已经有两个订阅者了。
在RxJs 5中正确的方法是什么?
也就是说，这似乎工作得很好:
getCustomer() {
return this.http.get('/someUrl').map(res => res.json()).share();
}
但是这是RxJs 5中惯用的方法吗，或者我们应该用别的方法来代替?
注意:根据Angular 5的新HttpClient，所有示例中的.map(res => res. JSON())部分现在都是无用的，因为现在默认假设JSON结果。
我写了一个缓存类，
/**
* Caches results returned from given fetcher callback for given key,
* up to maxItems results, deletes the oldest results when full (FIFO).
*/
export class StaticCache
{
static cachedData: Map<string, any> = new Map<string, any>();
static maxItems: number = 400;
static get(key: string){
return this.cachedData.get(key);
}
static getOrFetch(key: string, fetcher: (string) => any): any {
let value = this.cachedData.get(key);
if (value != null){
console.log("Cache HIT! (fetcher)");
return value;
}
console.log("Cache MISS... (fetcher)");
value = fetcher(key);
this.add(key, value);
return value;
}
static add(key, value){
this.cachedData.set(key, value);
this.deleteOverflowing();
}
static deleteOverflowing(): void {
if (this.cachedData.size > this.maxItems) {
this.deleteOldest(this.cachedData.size - this.maxItems);
}
}
/// A Map object iterates its elements in insertion order — a for...of loop returns an array of [key, value] for each iteration.
/// However that seems not to work. Trying with forEach.
static deleteOldest(howMany: number): void {
//console.debug("Deleting oldest " + howMany + " of " + this.cachedData.size);
let iterKeys = this.cachedData.keys();
let item: IteratorResult<string>;
while (howMany-- > 0 && (item = iterKeys.next(), !item.done)){
//console.debug(" Deleting: " + item.value);
this.cachedData.delete(item.value); // Deleting while iterating should be ok in JS.
}
}
static clear(): void {
this.cachedData = new Map<string, any>();
}
}
由于我们使用它的方式不同，所以它都是静态的，但是可以随意地将它变成一个正常的类和服务。我不确定angular是否会一直保持一个实例(对于Angular2来说是新的)。
我是这样使用它的:
let httpService: Http = this.http;
function fetcher(url: string): Observable<any> {
console.log(" Fetching URL: " + url);
return httpService.get(url).map((response: Response) => {
if (!response) return null;
if (typeof response.json() !== "array")
throw new Error("Graph REST should return an array of vertices.");
let items: any[] = graphService.fromJSONarray(response.json(), httpService);
return array ? items : items[0];
});
}
// If data is a link, return a result of a service call.
if (this.data[verticesLabel][name]["link"] || this.data[verticesLabel][name]["_type"] == "link")
{
// Make an HTTP call.
let url = this.data[verticesLabel][name]["link"];
let cachedObservable: Observable<any> = StaticCache.getOrFetch(url, fetcher);
if (!cachedObservable)
throw new Error("Failed loading link: " + url);
return cachedObservable;
}
我认为可能有更聪明的方法，使用一些可观察的技巧，但这对我的目的来说已经很好了。
我写了一个缓存类，
/**
* Caches results returned from given fetcher callback for given key,
* up to maxItems results, deletes the oldest results when full (FIFO).
*/
export class StaticCache
{
static cachedData: Map<string, any> = new Map<string, any>();
static maxItems: number = 400;
static get(key: string){
return this.cachedData.get(key);
}
static getOrFetch(key: string, fetcher: (string) => any): any {
let value = this.cachedData.get(key);
if (value != null){
console.log("Cache HIT! (fetcher)");
return value;
}
console.log("Cache MISS... (fetcher)");
value = fetcher(key);
this.add(key, value);
return value;
}
static add(key, value){
this.cachedData.set(key, value);
this.deleteOverflowing();
}
static deleteOverflowing(): void {
if (this.cachedData.size > this.maxItems) {
this.deleteOldest(this.cachedData.size - this.maxItems);
}
}
/// A Map object iterates its elements in insertion order — a for...of loop returns an array of [key, value] for each iteration.
/// However that seems not to work. Trying with forEach.
static deleteOldest(howMany: number): void {
//console.debug("Deleting oldest " + howMany + " of " + this.cachedData.size);
let iterKeys = this.cachedData.keys();
let item: IteratorResult<string>;
while (howMany-- > 0 && (item = iterKeys.next(), !item.done)){
//console.debug(" Deleting: " + item.value);
this.cachedData.delete(item.value); // Deleting while iterating should be ok in JS.
}
}
static clear(): void {
this.cachedData = new Map<string, any>();
}
}
由于我们使用它的方式不同，所以它都是静态的，但是可以随意地将它变成一个正常的类和服务。我不确定angular是否会一直保持一个实例(对于Angular2来说是新的)。
我是这样使用它的:
let httpService: Http = this.http;
function fetcher(url: string): Observable<any> {
console.log(" Fetching URL: " + url);
return httpService.get(url).map((response: Response) => {
if (!response) return null;
if (typeof response.json() !== "array")
throw new Error("Graph REST should return an array of vertices.");
let items: any[] = graphService.fromJSONarray(response.json(), httpService);
return array ? items : items[0];
});
}
// If data is a link, return a result of a service call.
if (this.data[verticesLabel][name]["link"] || this.data[verticesLabel][name]["_type"] == "link")
{
// Make an HTTP call.
let url = this.data[verticesLabel][name]["link"];
let cachedObservable: Observable<any> = StaticCache.getOrFetch(url, fetcher);
if (!cachedObservable)
throw new Error("Failed loading link: " + url);
return cachedObservable;
}
我认为可能有更聪明的方法，使用一些可观察的技巧，但这对我的目的来说已经很好了。
这是.publishReplay (1) .refCount ();或.publishLast () .refCount ();因为Angular Http的可观察对象在请求后完成。
这个简单的类缓存结果，因此您可以多次订阅.value，并且只发出一个请求。你也可以使用.reload()来发出新的请求并发布数据。
你可以这样使用它:
let res = new RestResource(() => this.http.get('inline.bundleo.js'));
res.status.subscribe((loading)=>{
console.log('STATUS=',loading);
});
res.value.subscribe((value) => {
console.log('VALUE=', value);
});
来源是:
export class RestResource {
static readonly LOADING: string = 'RestResource_Loading';
static readonly ERROR: string = 'RestResource_Error';
static readonly IDLE: string = 'RestResource_Idle';
public value: Observable<any>;
public status: Observable<string>;
private loadStatus: Observer<any>;
private reloader: Observable<any>;
private reloadTrigger: Observer<any>;
constructor(requestObservableFn: () => Observable<any>) {
this.status = Observable.create((o) => {
this.loadStatus = o;
});
this.reloader = Observable.create((o: Observer<any>) => {
this.reloadTrigger = o;
});
this.value = this.reloader.startWith(null).switchMap(() => {
if (this.loadStatus) {
this.loadStatus.next(RestResource.LOADING);
}
return requestObservableFn()
.map((res) => {
if (this.loadStatus) {
this.loadStatus.next(RestResource.IDLE);
}
return res;
}).catch((err)=>{
if (this.loadStatus) {
this.loadStatus.next(RestResource.ERROR);
}
return Observable.of(null);
});
}).publishReplay(1).refCount();
}
reload() {
this.reloadTrigger.next(null);
}
}
上面的大多数答案都适用于不接受输入的http请求。每次你想要使用一些输入进行api调用时，都需要重新创建请求。上面唯一可以处理这个问题的回复是@Arlo的回复。
我已经创建了一个稍微简单的装饰器，您可以使用它将响应共享给每个具有相同输入的调用者。与Arlo的回复不同，它不会对延迟的订阅者重放响应，而是将同时发生的请求作为一个请求来处理。如果目标是重放响应给延迟的观察者(也就是缓存的响应)，你可以修改下面的代码并用shaereplay(1)替换share():
https://gist.github.com/OysteinAmundsen/b97a2359292463feb8c0e2270ed6695a
import { finalize, Observable, share } from 'rxjs';
export function SharedObservable(): MethodDecorator {
const obs$ = new Map<string, Observable<any>>();
return (target: any, propertyKey: string | symbol, descriptor: PropertyDescriptor) => {
const originalMethod = descriptor.value;
descriptor.value = function (...args: any[]) {
const key = JSON.stringify(args);
if (!obs$.has(key)) {
// We have no observable for this key yet, so we create one
const res = originalMethod.apply(this, args).pipe(
share(), // Make the observable hot
finalize(() => obs$.delete(key)) // Cleanup when observable is complete
);
obs$.set(key, res);
}
// Return the cached observable
return obs$.get(key);
};
return descriptor;
};
}
用法:
@SharedObservable()
myFunc(id: number): Observable<any> {
return this.http.get<any>(`/api/someUrl/${id}`);
}
我把问题打了星号，但我会试着试一下。
//this will be the shared observable that
//anyone can subscribe to, get the value,
//but not cause an api request
let customer$ = new Rx.ReplaySubject(1);
getCustomer().subscribe(customer$);
//here's the first subscriber
customer$.subscribe(val => console.log('subscriber 1: ' + val));
//here's the second subscriber
setTimeout(() => {
customer$.subscribe(val => console.log('subscriber 2: ' + val));
}, 1000);
function getCustomer() {
return new Rx.Observable(observer => {
console.log('api request');
setTimeout(() => {
console.log('api response');
observer.next('customer object');
observer.complete();
}, 500);
});
}
这是证据:)
这里只有一个要点:getCustomer().subscribe(customer$)
我们不是订阅getCustomer()的api响应，我们是订阅一个ReplaySubject，它是可观察的，它也可以订阅一个不同的可观察对象，并且(这很重要)持有它最后发出的值并重新发布给它的任何(ReplaySubject的)订阅者。
