我刚刚为MYSQL创建了一个top操作。代码很简单。

drop table if exists h;
create table h(id varchar(5), year int, rate numeric(8,2), primary key(id,year));
insert into h(year, id, rate) values
(2006,'p01',8),
(2003,'p01',7.4),
(2008,'p01',6.8),
(2001,'p01',5.9),
(2007,'p01',5.3),
(2009,'p01',4.4),
(2002,'p01',3.9),
(2004,'p01',3.5),
(2005,'p01',2.1),
(2000,'p01',0.8),
(2001,'p02',12.5),
(2004,'p02',12.4),
(2002,'p02',12.2),
(2003,'p02',10.3),
(2000,'p02',8.7),
(2006,'p02',4.6),
(2007,'p02',3.3);

select id, year, rate
from 
(
    select id, year, rate, @last, if(@last=id,@top:=@top+1, @top:=0) as ztop, @last:=id update_last
    from h
    order by id, rate desc, year desc
) t2
where ztop<5

下面的post: sql:每组选择前N条记录描述了在没有子查询的情况下实现这一目标的复杂方法。

它改进了这里提供的其他解决方案:

在单个查询中执行所有操作 能够正确地利用索引 避免子查询，众所周知，在MySQL中会产生糟糕的执行计划

然而，它并不漂亮。如果在MySQL中启用窗口函数(又名分析函数)，就可以实现一个很好的解决方案——但它们没有。 文章中使用的技巧利用了GROUP_CONCAT，它有时被描述为“穷人的MySQL窗口函数”。

SELECT year, id, rate
FROM (SELECT
  year, id, rate, row_number() over (partition by id order by rate DESC)
  FROM h
  WHERE year BETWEEN 2000 AND 2009
  AND id IN (SELECT rid FROM table2)
  GROUP BY id, year
  ORDER BY id, rate DESC) as subquery
WHERE row_number <= 5

子查询与您的查询几乎相同。只有改变是增加

row_number() over (partition by id order by rate DESC)

这需要一系列子查询对值进行排序、限制，然后在分组时执行求和

@Rnk:=0;
@N:=2;
select
  c.id,
  sum(c.val)
from (
select
  b.id,
  b.bal
from (
select   
  if(@last_id=id,@Rnk+1,1) as Rnk,
  a.id,
  a.val,
  @last_id=id,
from (   
select 
  id,
  val 
from list
order by id,val desc) as a) as b
where b.rnk < @N) as c
group by c.id;

对我来说

SUBSTRING_INDEX(group_concat(col_name order by desired_col_order_name), ',', N) 

完美的工作。没有复杂的查询。

例如:每组取top 1

SELECT 
    *
FROM
    yourtable
WHERE
    id IN (SELECT 
            SUBSTRING_INDEX(GROUP_CONCAT(id
                            ORDER BY rate DESC),
                        ',',
                        1) id
        FROM
            yourtable
        GROUP BY year)
ORDER BY rate DESC;

试试这个:

SET @num := 0, @type := '';
SELECT `year`, `id`, `rate`,
    @num := if(@type = `id`, @num + 1, 1) AS `row_number`,
    @type := `id` AS `dummy`
FROM (
    SELECT *
    FROM `h`
    WHERE (
        `year` BETWEEN '2000' AND '2009'
        AND `id` IN (SELECT `rid` FROM `table2`) AS `temp_rid`
    )
    ORDER BY `id`
) AS `temph`
GROUP BY `year`, `id`, `rate`
HAVING `row_number`<='5'
ORDER BY `id`, `rate DESC;