AlertDialog.Builder altBx = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
    altBx.setTitle("My dialog box");
    altBx.setMessage("Welcome, Please Enter your name");
    altBx.setIcon(R.drawable.logo);

    altBx.setPositiveButton("Ok", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
    {
      public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
      {
          if(edt.getText().toString().length()!=0)
          {
              // Show any message
          }
          else 
          {

          }
      }
    });
    altBx.setNeutralButton("Cancel", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
    {
      public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
      {
          //show any message
      }

    });
  altBx.show();  

在芬兰湾的科特林:

AlertDialog.Builder(this)
    .setTitle(R.string.question_title)
    .setMessage(R.string.question_message)
    .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.yes) { _, _ -> yesClicked() }
    .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.no) { _, _ -> noClicked() }
    .show()

你可以为决策实现一个通用的解决方案，并在另一种情况下使用，而不仅仅是yes/no和自定义警报动画或布局:

像这样的东西;首先创建用于传输数据的类:

public class AlertDecision {

    private String question = "";
    private String strNegative = "";
    private String strPositive = "";

    public AlertDecision question(@NonNull String question) {
        this.question = question;
        return this;
    }

    public AlertDecision ansPositive(@NonNull String strPositive) {
        this.strPositive = strPositive;
        return this;
    }

    public AlertDecision ansNegative(@NonNull String strNegative) {
        this.strNegative = strNegative;
        return this;
    }

    public String getQuestion() {
        return question;
    }

    public String getAnswerNegative() {
        return strNegative;
    }

    public String getAnswerPositive() {
        return strPositive;
    }
}

后的接口，用于返回结果

public interface OnAlertDecisionClickListener {

    /**
     * Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when a view is clicked.
     *
     * @param dialog the dialog that was clicked
     * @param object The object in the position of the view
     */
    void onPositiveDecisionClick(DialogInterface dialog, Object object);
    void onNegativeDecisionClick(DialogInterface dialog, Object object);
}

现在你可以很容易地创建一个utils(在这个类中，你可以为警报实现不同的动画或自定义布局):

public class AlertViewUtils {

    public static void showAlertDecision(Context context,
                                         @NonNull AlertDecision decision,
                                         final OnAlertDecisionClickListener listener,
                                         final Object object) {

        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);
        builder.setMessage(decision.getQuestion());
        builder.setPositiveButton(decision.getAnswerPositive(),
                new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        listener.onPositiveDecisionClick(dialog, object);
                    }
                });

        builder.setNegativeButton(decision.getAnswerNegative(),
                new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        listener.onNegativeDecisionClick(dialog, object);
                    }
                });

        android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog dialog = builder.create();
        dialog.show();
    }
}

最后是活动或片段的召唤;你可以在你的案例或其他任务中使用这个:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity);
        initResources();
    }

    public void initResources() {
        Button doSomething = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn);
        doSomething.setOnClickListener(getDecisionListener());
    }

    private View.OnClickListener getDecisionListener() {
        return new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                AlertDecision decision = new AlertDecision()
                        .question("question ...")
                        .ansNegative("negative action...")
                        .ansPositive("positive action... ");
                AlertViewUtils.showAlertDecision(MainActivity.this,
                        decision, getOnDecisionListener(), v);
            }
        };
    }

    private OnAlertDecisionClickListener getOnDecisionListener() {
        return new OnAlertDecisionClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onPositiveDecisionClick(DialogInterface dialog, Object object) {

                //do something like create, show views, etc...
            }

            @Override
            public void onNegativeDecisionClick(DialogInterface dialog, Object object) {
                //do something like delete, close session, etc ...
            }
        };
    }
} 

这里所有的答案都归结为冗长且不利于读者的代码:这正是提问者试图避免的。对我来说，最简单的方法是在这里使用lambdas:

new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
        .setTitle("Are you sure?")
        .setMessage("If you go back you will loose any changes.")
        .setPositiveButton("Yes", (dialog, which) -> {
            doSomething();
            dialog.dismiss();
        })
        .setNegativeButton("No", (dialog, which) -> dialog.dismiss())
        .show();

Android中的Lambdas需要retrolambda插件(https://github.com/evant/gradle-retrolambda)，但无论如何，它对编写更清晰的代码非常有帮助。

Steve H的回答是正确的，但这里有更多的信息:对话框之所以以这种方式工作，是因为Android中的对话框是异步的(当对话框显示时，执行不会停止)。因此，您必须使用回调来处理用户的选择。

在关于Android和。net的区别(因为它涉及到对话框)的更长的讨论中，看看这个问题: 对话框/ alertdialog:如何在对话框启动时“阻止执行”(. net风格)

史蒂夫的回答是正确的，尽管有些片段过时了。下面是一个FragmentDialog的例子。

类:

public class SomeDialog extends DialogFragment {

    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity())
            .setTitle("Title")
            .setMessage("Sure you wanna do this!")
            .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.no, new OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    // do nothing (will close dialog)
                }
            })
            .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.yes,  new OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    // do something
                }
            })
            .create();
    }
}

开始对话:

            FragmentTransaction ft = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
            // Create and show the dialog.
            SomeDialog newFragment = new SomeDialog ();
            newFragment.show(ft, "dialog");

您还可以让类实现onClickListener，并使用它来代替嵌入式侦听器。