正如标题所示，我想选择用GROUP BY分组的每组行中的第一行。
具体来说，如果我有一个如下所示的采购表：
SELECT * FROM purchases;
我的输出：
| id | customer | total |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joe | 5 |
| 2 | Sally | 3 |
| 3 | Joe | 2 |
| 4 | Sally | 1 |
我想查询每个客户的最大购买量（总购买量）。类似于：
SELECT FIRST(id), customer, FIRST(total)
FROM purchases
GROUP BY customer
ORDER BY total DESC;
预期输出：
| FIRST(id) | customer | FIRST(total) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joe | 5 |
| 2 | Sally | 3 |
当前回答
Snowflake/Teradata支持QUALIFY子句，其工作方式与窗口函数的HAVING类似：
SELECT id, customer, total
FROM PURCHASES
QUALIFY ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY p.customer ORDER BY p.total DESC) = 1
其他回答
如果要从聚合行集合中选择任何行（根据特定条件）。如果您想使用除max/min之外的另一个（sum/avg）聚合函数。因此，您不能在DISTINCT ON时使用线索
您可以使用下一个子查询：
SELECT
(
SELECT **id** FROM t2
WHERE id = ANY ( ARRAY_AGG( tf.id ) ) AND amount = MAX( tf.amount )
) id,
name,
MAX(amount) ma,
SUM( ratio )
FROM t2 tf
GROUP BY name
您可以将amount=MAX（tf.amount）替换为任何需要的条件，但有一个限制：此子查询不能返回多行
但是如果你想做这样的事情，你可能需要寻找窗口函数
对PostgreSQL、U-SQL、IBM DB2和Google BigQuery SQL使用ARRAY_AGG函数：
SELECT customer, (ARRAY_AGG(id ORDER BY total DESC))[1], MAX(total)
FROM purchases
GROUP BY customer
这是我们如何通过使用windows函数实现的：
create table purchases (id int4, customer varchar(10), total integer);
insert into purchases values (1, 'Joe', 5);
insert into purchases values (2, 'Sally', 3);
insert into purchases values (3, 'Joe', 2);
insert into purchases values (4, 'Sally', 1);
select ID, CUSTOMER, TOTAL from (
select ID, CUSTOMER, TOTAL,
row_number () over (partition by CUSTOMER order by TOTAL desc) RN
from purchases) A where RN = 1;
这可以通过MAX FUNCTION on total和GROUP by id和customer轻松实现。
SELECT id, customer, MAX(total) FROM purchases GROUP BY id, customer
ORDER BY total DESC;
在支持CTE和窗口功能的数据库上：
WITH summary AS (
SELECT p.id,
p.customer,
p.total,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY p.customer
ORDER BY p.total DESC) AS rank
FROM PURCHASES p)
SELECT *
FROM summary
WHERE rank = 1
任何数据库都支持：
但你需要添加逻辑来打破联系：
SELECT MIN(x.id), -- change to MAX if you want the highest
x.customer,
x.total
FROM PURCHASES x
JOIN (SELECT p.customer,
MAX(total) AS max_total
FROM PURCHASES p
GROUP BY p.customer) y ON y.customer = x.customer
AND y.max_total = x.total
GROUP BY x.customer, x.total
