我认为你需要知道__proto__， [[prototype]]和prototype之间的区别。

公认的答案是有帮助的，但它可能暗示(不完全)__proto__只与在构造函数上使用new创建的对象相关，这是不正确的。

更准确地说:__proto__存在于每个对象上。

But what is __proto__ at all? Well, it is an object referencing another object which is also a property of all objects, called [[prototype]]. It's worth mentioning that [[prototype]] is something that JavaScript handles internally and is inaccessible to the developer. Why would we need a reference object to the property [[prototype]] (of all objects)? Because JavaScript doesn't want to allow getting / setting the [[prototype]] directly, so it allows it through a middle layer which is __proto__. So you can think of __proto__ as a getter/setter of the [[prototype]] property. What is prototype then? It is something specific to functions(Initially defined in Function, i.e, Function.prototype and then prototypically inherited by newly created functions, and then again those functions give it to their children, forming a chain of prototypical inheritance). JavaScript uses a parent function's prototype to set its child functions' [[prototype]] when that parent function is run with new (remember we said all objects have [[prototype]]? well, functions are objects too, so they have [[prototype]] as well). So when the [[prototype]] of a function(child) is set to the prototype of another function(parent), you will have this in the end: let child = new Parent(); child.__proto__ === Parent.prototype // --> true. (Remember child.[[prototype]] is inaccessible, so we checked it using __proto__.)

注意1:只要属性不在子对象中，它的__proto__将被“隐式”搜索。例如，if child。Myprop返回一个值，你不能说" Myprop "是子对象的属性，还是父对象原型的属性。这也意味着你永远不需要做这样的事情:child.__proto__.__proto__。我的东西你自己拿去吧，孩子。Myprop会自动为你做这件事。

注意2:即使父对象的原型中有项目，子对象自己的原型最初也是一个空对象。如果您想进一步扩展继承链(将child[ren]添加到child)，则可以向其中添加项或手动从其中删除项。或者可以隐式地操纵它，例如使用类语法。)

注意3:如果你需要自己设置/获取[[prototype]]，使用__proto__有点过时，现代JavaScript建议使用Object。setPrototypeOf和Object。getPrototypeOf代替。

原型或对象。原型是一个对象文字的属性。它表示Object原型对象，您可以覆盖它以沿着原型链进一步添加更多属性或方法。

__proto__是一个访问器属性(get和set函数)，它公开对象的内部原型，通过它访问对象。

引用:

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/prototype http://www.w3schools.com/js/js_object_prototypes.asp https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/proto

对于静态方法使用__proto__怎么样?

function Foo(name){
  this.name = name
  Foo.__proto__.collection.push(this)
  Foo.__proto__.count++

}

Foo.__proto__.count=0
Foo.__proto__.collection=[]

var bar = new Foo('bar')
var baz = new Foo('baz')

Foo.count;//2
Foo.collection // [{...}, {...}]
bar.count // undefined

只有一个对象用于原型链接。该对象显然有一个名称和值:__proto__是它的名称，prototype是它的值。这是所有。

为了让它更容易理解，看看这篇文章顶部的图表(由dmitry soshnikov绘制的图表)，你永远不会发现__proto__的值指向prototype以外的其他东西。

要点是:__proto__是引用原型对象的名称，prototype是实际的原型对象。

这就像是在说:

let x = {name: 'john'};

X是对象名称(指针)，{name: 'john'}是实际对象(数据值)。

注意:这只是一个非常简单的提示，说明它们在较高的水平上是如何相互关联的。

更新:下面是一个简单具体的javascript示例，以便更好地说明:

let x = new String("testing") // Or any other javascript object you want to create

Object.getPrototypeOf(x) === x.__proto__; // true

这意味着当Object.getPrototypeOf(x)为我们获取x的实际值(这是它的原型)时，正是x的__proto__所指向的。因此__proto__确实指向x的原型。因此__proto__引用x (x的指针)，而prototype是x的值(它的原型)。

我希望现在大家都明白了。

(函数(){ Let a = function(){console.log(this.b)}; A.prototype.b = 1; a.__proto__。B = 2; 设q = new a(); console.log (a.b); console.log (q.b) }) ()

试着理解这段代码

[[原型]]:

[[Prototype]]是JS中对象的内部隐藏属性，它是对另一个对象的引用。每个对象在创建时都会接收一个非空值[[Prototype]]。请记住，当我们引用对象上的属性(如myObject.a)时调用[[Get]]操作。如果对象本身有一个属性，那么该属性将被使用。

let myObject= {
    a: 2
};

console.log(myObject.a);            // 2

但是如果对象本身直接没有所请求的属性，那么[[Get]]操作将继续遵循对象的[[Prototype]]链接。这个过程将继续进行，直到找到匹配的属性名或[[Prototype]]链结束(在内置的Object.prototype处)。如果没有找到匹配的属性，则返回undefined。object. create(specifiedObject)创建一个带有[[Prototype]]链接到指定对象的对象。

let anotherObject= {
    a: 2
};

// create an object linked to anotherObject
let myObject= Object.create(anotherObject);
console.log(myObject.a);                // 2

Both for..in loop and in operator use [[Prototype]] chain lookup process. So if we use for..in loop to iterate over the properties of an object then all the enumerable properties which can be reached via that object's [[Prototype]] chain also will be enumerated along with the enumerable properties of the object itself. And when using in operator to test for the existence of a property on an object then in operator will check all the properties via [[Prototype]] linkage of the object regardless of their enumerability.

// for..in loop uses [[Prototype]] chain lookup process
let anotherObject= {
    a: 2
};

let myObject= Object.create(anotherObject);

for(let k in myObject) {
    console.log("found: " + k);            // found: a
}

// in operator uses [[Prototype]] chain lookup process
console.log("a" in myObject);              // true

.prototype:

.prototype是JS中函数的一个属性，它引用了一个具有构造函数属性的对象，该对象存储了函数对象的所有属性(和方法)。

let foo= function(){}

console.log(foo.prototype);        
// returns {constructor: f} object which now contains all the default properties

foo.id= "Walter White";

foo.job= "teacher";

console.log(foo.prototype);       
// returns {constructor: f} object which now contains all the default properties and 2 more properties that we added to the fn object
/*
{constructor: f}
    constructor: f()
        id: "Walter White"
        job: "teacher"
        arguments: null
        caller: null
        length: 0
        name: "foo"
        prototype: {constructor: f}
        __proto__: f()
        [[FunctionLocation]]: VM789:1
        [[Scopes]]: Scopes[2]
    __proto__: Object

*/

但是JS中的普通对象没有.prototype属性。我们知道客体。prototype是JS中所有对象的根对象。所以很明显Object是一个函数，即typeof Object === "function"。这意味着我们还可以从object函数创建对象，比如let myObj= new object()。类似地，Array, Function也是函数，所以我们可以使用Array。原型,函数。用于存储数组和函数的所有通用属性的原型。所以我们可以说JS是建立在函数之上的。

{}.prototype;                            // SyntaxError: Unexpected token '.'

(function(){}).prototype;                // {constructor: f}

Also using new operator if we create objects from a function then internal hidden [[Prototype]] property of those newly created objects will point to the object referenced by the .prototype property of the original function. In the below code, we have created an object, a from a fn, Letter and added 2 properties one to the fn object and another to the prototype object of the fn. Now if we try to access both of the properties on the newly created object, a then we only will be able to access the property added to the prototype object of the function. This is because the prototype object of the function is now on the [[Prototype]] chain of the newly created object, a.

let Letter= function(){}

let a= new Letter();

Letter.from= "Albuquerque";

Letter.prototype.to= "New Hampshire";

console.log(a.from);                // undefined

console.log(a.to);                  // New Hampshire

.__proto__:

.__proto__是JS中对象的属性，它引用[[Prototype]]链中的另一个对象。我们知道[[Prototype]]是JS中对象的内部隐藏属性，它引用了[[Prototype]]链中的另一个对象。我们可以通过两种方式获取或设置内部[[Prototype]]属性引用的对象

Object.getPrototypeOf（obj） / Object.setPrototypeOf（obj） obj.__proto__

我们可以使用.__proto__.__proto__遍历[[Prototype]]链。与.constructor， . tostring ()， . isprototypeof()一起，我们的dunder prototo属性(__proto__)实际上存在于内置对象中。原型根对象，但可用于任何特定对象。我们的.__proto__实际上是一个getter/setter。Object中.__proto__的实现。原型如下:

Object.defineProperty(Object.prototype, "__proto__", {
    get: function() {
        return Object.getPrototypeOf(this);
    },
    set: function(o) {
        Object.setPrototypeOf(this, o);
        return o;
    }
});

检索obj的值。__proto__类似于调用，obj.__proto__()，它实际上返回了getter fn, Object. getprototypeof (obj)，它存在于Object上。原型对象。虽然.__proto__是一个可设置的属性，但由于性能问题，我们不应该更改已经存在的对象的[[Prototype]]。

如果使用new操作符从函数创建对象，那么这些新创建对象的内部隐藏[[Prototype]]属性将指向原始函数的. Prototype属性引用的对象。使用.__proto__属性，我们可以访问由对象的内部隐藏[[Prototype]]属性引用的另一个对象。但是__proto__并不等同于[[Prototype]]，而是它的getter/setter。考虑下面的代码:

let Letter= function() {}

let a= new Letter();

let b= new Letter();

let z= new Letter();

// output in console
a.__proto__ === Letter.prototype;               // true

b.__proto__ === Letter.prototype;               // true

z.__proto__ === Letter.prototype;               // true

Letter.__proto__ === Function.prototype;        // true

Function.prototype.__proto__ === Object.prototype;        // true

Letter.prototype.__proto__ === Object.prototype;          // true