Python安装在本地目录。
我的目录树是这样的:
(local directory)/site-packages/toolkit/interface.py
我的代码在这里:
(local directory)/site-packages/toolkit/examples/mountain.py
为了运行这个例子，我编写了python mountain.py，在代码中我有:
from toolkit.interface import interface
我得到了一个错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "mountain.py", line 28, in ?
from toolkit.interface import interface
ImportError: No module named toolkit.interface
我已经检查过系统了。这里有目录/site-packages。此外，我在工具包文件夹中有__init__.py.bin文件，以向Python表明这是一个包。我在examples目录中也有一个__init__.py.bin。
我不知道为什么Python无法在sys.path中找到该文件。什么好主意吗?会是权限问题吗?我需要一些执行许可吗?
你正在阅读这个答案说你的__init__.py是在正确的地方，你已经安装了所有的依赖项，你仍然得到ImportError。
我也遇到了类似的问题，除了我的程序在使用PyCharm运行时运行良好，但当我从终端运行时出现上述错误。在深入研究之后，我发现PYTHONPATH没有项目目录的条目。所以，我设置PYTHONPATH每个Import语句在PyCharm上工作，但不是从终端:
export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:`pwd` (OR your project root directory)
还有另一种方法可以使用sys。路径为:
import sys
sys.path.insert(0,'<project directory>') OR
sys.path.append('<project directory>')
您可以根据希望搜索项目的顺序使用插入/追加。
当我在LPTHW中做这个练习时，我遇到了非常相似的情况;我永远无法让Python识别我调用的目录中有文件。但最后我还是让它工作了。我所做的，以及我所推荐的，是这样做的:
(注意:从你最初的文章中，我假设你使用的是基于* nix的机器，并从命令行运行，所以这个建议是为你量身定做的。因为我运行Ubuntu，这是我所做的)
Change directory (cd) to the directory above the directory where your files are. In this case, you're trying to run the mountain.py file, and trying to call the toolkit.interface.py module, which are in separate directories. In this case, you would go to the directory that contains paths to both those files (or in other words, the closest directory that the paths of both those files share). Which in this case is the toolkit directory.
When you are in the toolkit directory, enter this line of code on your command line:
export PYTHONPATH=.
This sets your PYTHONPATH to ".", which basically means that your PYTHONPATH will now look for any called files within the directory you are currently in, (and more to the point, in the sub-directory branches of the directory you are in. So it doesn't just look in your current directory, but in all the directories that are in your current directory).
After you've set your PYTHONPATH in the step above, run your module from your current directory (the toolkit directory). Python should now find and load the modules you specified.
如果你正在使用安装脚本/实用程序(例如setuptools)来部署你的包，不要忘记将相应的文件/模块添加到安装程序中。
在支持的情况下，使用find_packages()或类似的方法自动向设置脚本添加新包。这绝对会让你免于头疼，尤其是当你把项目搁置一段时间，然后再添加一些东西的时候。
import setuptools
setuptools.setup(
name="example-pkg",
version="0.0.1",
author="Example Author",
author_email="author@example.com",
description="A small example package",
packages=setuptools.find_packages(),
classifiers=[
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
"Operating System :: OS Independent",
],
python_requires='>=3.6',
)
(示例取自setuptools文档)
