您可以使用assertThrows()。我的例子取自文档http://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/user-guide/

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;

....

@Test
void exceptionTesting() {
    Throwable exception = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("a message");
    });
    assertEquals("a message", exception.getMessage());
}

This is what I do when testing to make sure an exception has been thrown

    
    //when
    final var tripConsumer = new BusTripConsumer(inputStream);
    final Executable executable = () -> tripConsumer.deserialiseTripData();

    //then
    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, executable);

您可以使用assertThrows()。我的例子取自文档http://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/user-guide/

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;

....

@Test
void exceptionTesting() {
    Throwable exception = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("a message");
    });
    assertEquals("a message", exception.getMessage());
}

您可以使用assertThrows()，它允许您在同一个测试中测试多个异常。由于Java 8支持lambdas，这是JUnit中测试异常的规范方法。

根据JUnit文档:

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;

@Test
void exceptionTesting() {
    MyException thrown = assertThrows(
           MyException.class,
           () -> myObject.doThing(),
           "Expected doThing() to throw, but it didn't"
    );

    assertTrue(thrown.getMessage().contentEquals("Stuff"));
}

我认为这是一个更简单的例子

List<String> emptyList = new ArrayList<>();
Optional<String> opt2 = emptyList.stream().findFirst();
assertThrows(NoSuchElementException.class, () -> opt2.get());

在包含空数组列表的可选对象上调用get()将抛出NoSuchElementException异常。assertThrows声明预期的异常并提供lambda提供者(不接受参数并返回值)。

感谢@prime的回答，我希望能详细说明。

更简单的一行代码。使用Java 8和JUnit 5，本例不需要lambda表达式或花括号

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;

@Test
void exceptionTesting() {

    assertThrows(MyException.class, myStackObject::doStackAction, "custom message if assertion fails..."); 

// note, no parenthesis on doStackAction ex ::pop NOT ::pop()
}