克利斯朵夫·西格哈特(Christoph Sieghart)著

在sed中获得非贪婪匹配的技巧是匹配除终止匹配的字符外的所有字符。我知道，这很简单，但我在这上面浪费了宝贵的时间，毕竟shell脚本应该是快速而简单的。所以以防别人需要

贪婪匹配

% echo "<b>foo</b>bar" | sed 's/<.*>//g'
bar

非贪婪匹配

% echo "<b>foo</b>bar" | sed 's/<[^>]*>//g'
foobar

Sed当然有它的位置，但这不是其中之一!

正如迪伊所指出的:用切就可以了。在这种情况下，它要简单得多，也安全得多。下面是一个使用Bash语法从URL中提取各种组件的示例:

url="http://www.suepearson.co.uk/product/174/71/3816/"

protocol=$(echo "$url" | cut -d':' -f1)
host=$(echo "$url" | cut -d'/' -f3)
urlhost=$(echo "$url" | cut -d'/' -f1-3)
urlpath=$(echo "$url" | cut -d'/' -f4-)

给你:

protocol = "http"
host = "www.suepearson.co.uk"
urlhost = "http://www.suepearson.co.uk"
urlpath = "product/174/71/3816/"

正如你所看到的，这是一个更加灵活的方法。

(全部归功于Dee)

在这种特定情况下，您可以在不使用非贪婪正则表达式的情况下完成工作。

试试这个非贪婪的正则表达式[^/]*来代替。*?：

sed 's|\(http://[^/]*/\).*|\1|g'

下面的解决方案适用于匹配/使用multiply present(链式;串联;复合)HTML或其他标签。例如，我想编辑HTML代码以删除串联出现的<span>标记。

问题:常规sed正则表达式贪婪地匹配从第一个到最后一个的所有标记。

解决方案:非贪婪模式匹配(每个讨论在这个线程的其他地方;例如,https://stackoverflow.com/a/46719361/1904943)。

例子:

echo '<span>Will</span>This <span>remove</span>will <span>this.</span>remain.' | \
sed 's/<span>[^>]*>//g' ; echo

This will remain.

解释:

S /<span>:查找<span> [^>]:后面跟着不是>的任何东西 *>:直到你找到> //g:将任何这样的字符串替换为空。

齿顶高

我试图清理url，但我遇到了困难匹配/排除一个词- href -使用上面的方法。我简要地研究了反向查找(正则表达式来匹配不包含单词的行)，但这种方法似乎过于复杂，并没有提供令人满意的解决方案。

我决定用'(反标记)替换href，做正则表达式替换，然后用href替换'。

示例(为便于阅读，此处格式化):

printf '\n
<a aaa h href="apple">apple</a>
<a bbb "c=ccc" href="banana">banana</a>
<a class="gtm-content-click"
   data-vars-link-text="nope"
   data-vars-click-url="https://blablabla"
   data-vars-event-category="story"
   data-vars-sub-category="story"
   data-vars-item="in_content_link"
   data-vars-link-text
   href="https:example.com">Example.com</a>\n\n' |
sed 's/href/`/g ;
     s/<a[^`]*`/\n<a href/g'

<a href="apple">apple</a> 
<a href="banana">banana</a> 
<a href="https:example.com">Example.com</a>

解释:基本如上。在这里,

S /href/ ':将href替换为'(反引号) s/<a:查找URL开头 [^ ']:后面跟着任何不是'(反撇号) * ':直到你找到一个' /<a href/g:用<a href替换每一个找到的

基本的和扩展的Posix/GNU regex都不能识别非贪婪的量词;你需要稍后的正则表达式。幸运的是，这个上下文的Perl regex非常容易获得:

perl -pe 's|(http://.*?/).*|\1|'

在sed中模拟惰性(非贪婪)量词

以及所有其他正则表达式口味!

Finding first occurrence of an expression: POSIX ERE (using -r option) Regex: (EXPRESSION).*|. Sed: sed -r ‍'s/(EXPRESSION).*|./\1/g' # Global `g` modifier should be on Example (finding first sequence of digits) Live demo: $ sed -r 's/([0-9]+).*|./\1/g' <<< 'foo 12 bar 34' 12 How does it work? This regex benefits from an alternation |. At each position engine tries to pick the longest match (this is a POSIX standard which is followed by couple of other engines as well) which means it goes with . until a match is found for ([0-9]+).*. But order is important too. Since global flag is set, engine tries to continue matching character by character up to the end of input string or our target. As soon as the first and only capturing group of left side of alternation is matched (EXPRESSION) rest of line is consumed immediately as well .*. We now hold our value in the first capturing group. POSIX BRE Regex: \(\(\(EXPRESSION\).*\)*.\)* Sed: sed 's/\(\(\(EXPRESSION\).*\)*.\)*/\3/' Example (finding first sequence of digits): $ sed 's/\(\(\([0-9]\{1,\}\).*\)*.\)*/\3/' <<< 'foo 12 bar 34' 12 This one is like ERE version but with no alternation involved. That's all. At each single position engine tries to match a digit. If it is found, other following digits are consumed and captured and the rest of line is matched immediately otherwise since * means more or zero it skips over second capturing group \(\([0-9]\{1,\}\).*\)* and arrives at a dot . to match a single character and this process continues. Finding first occurrence of a delimited expression: This approach will match the very first occurrence of a string that is delimited. We can call it a block of string. sed 's/\(END-DELIMITER-EXPRESSION\).*/\1/; \ s/\(\(START-DELIMITER-EXPRESSION.*\)*.\)*/\1/g' Input string: foobar start block #1 end barfoo start block #2 end -EDE: end -SDE: start $ sed 's/\(end\).*/\1/; s/\(\(start.*\)*.\)*/\1/g' Output: start block #1 end First regex \(end\).* matches and captures first end delimiter end and substitues all match with recent captured characters which is the end delimiter. At this stage our output is: foobar start block #1 end. Then the result is passed to second regex \(\(start.*\)*.\)* that is same as POSIX BRE version above. It matches a single character if start delimiter start is not matched otherwise it matches and captures the start delimiter and matches the rest of characters.

直接回答你的问题

使用方法#2(带分隔符的表达式)，你应该选择两个合适的表达式:

艾德:[^]\ / SDE: http:

用法:

$ sed 's/\([^:/]\/\).*/\1/g; s/\(\(http:.*\)*.\)*/\1/' <<< 'http://www.suepearson.co.uk/product/174/71/3816/'

输出:

http://www.suepearson.co.uk/

注意:对于相同的分隔符，这将不起作用。