对于Python，我们可以使用itertools并导入排列和组合来解决问题

from itertools import product, permutations
A = ([1,2,3])
print (list(permutations(sorted(A),2)))

用递归求解，遍历元素，取第i个元素，然后问自己：“其余项目的排列是什么”，直到没有更多的元素。

我在这里解释了解决方案：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7GE7psS2b4

class Solution:
    def permute(self,nums:List[int])->List[List[int]]:
        res=[]
        def dfs(nums,path):
            if len(nums)==0:
                res.append(path)
            for i in range(len(nums)):
                dfs(nums[:i]+nums[i+1:],path+[nums[i]])
        dfs(nums,[])
        return res

生成所有可能的排列

我正在使用python3.4：

def calcperm(arr, size):
    result = set([()])
    for dummy_idx in range(size):
        temp = set()
        for dummy_lst in result:
            for dummy_outcome in arr:
                if dummy_outcome not in dummy_lst:
                    new_seq = list(dummy_lst)
                    new_seq.append(dummy_outcome)
                    temp.add(tuple(new_seq))
        result = temp
    return result

测试用例：

lst = [1, 2, 3, 4]
#lst = ["yellow", "magenta", "white", "blue"]
seq = 2
final = calcperm(lst, seq)
print(len(final))
print(final)

使用计数器

from collections import Counter

def permutations(nums):
    ans = [[]]
    cache = Counter(nums)

    for idx, x in enumerate(nums):
        result = []
        for items in ans:
            cache1 = Counter(items)
            for id, n in enumerate(nums):
                if cache[n] != cache1[n] and items + [n] not in result:
                    result.append(items + [n])

        ans = result
    return ans
permutations([1, 2, 2])
> [[1, 2, 2], [2, 1, 2], [2, 2, 1]]

def pzip(c, seq):
    result = []
    for item in seq:
        for i in range(len(item)+1):
            result.append(item[i:]+c+item[:i])
    return result


def perm(line):
    seq = [c for c in line]
    if len(seq) <=1 :
        return seq
    else:
        return pzip(seq[0], perm(seq[1:]))

对于Python，我们可以使用itertools并导入排列和组合来解决问题

from itertools import product, permutations
A = ([1,2,3])
print (list(permutations(sorted(A),2)))