使用Count()来测试是否为空，但使用Any()可以使意图更清晰，代码更可读。然而，有一些情况需要特别注意:

如果集合是一个EntityFramework或其他ORM查询，调用Count()将导致执行一个潜在的大规模SQL查询，并可能给应用程序数据库带来很大的开销。调用Any()也将连接到数据库，但将生成更高效的SQL。

如果集合是包含创建对象的Select()语句的LINQ查询的一部分，则可能会不必要地分配大量内存。调用Any()将更有效，因为它将执行更少的枚举迭代。

使用Any()的示例:

private static bool IsEmpty(IEnumerable<string> strings)
{
  return !strings.Any();
}

如果您从具有. length或. count的东西开始(例如ICollection<T>， IList<T>， List<T>，等等)，那么这将是最快的选项，因为它不需要通过Any()所要求的GetEnumerator()/MoveNext()/Dispose()序列来检查非空IEnumerable<T>序列。

对于IEnumerable<T>，则Any()通常会更快，因为它只需要查看一次迭代。但是，请注意Count()的LINQ-to-Objects实现确实检查ICollection<T>(使用.Count作为优化)-因此，如果您的底层数据源直接是一个列表/集合，则不会有很大的区别。不要问我为什么不使用非泛型的ICollection…

当然，如果你已经使用LINQ来过滤它(Where等)，你将有一个基于迭代器块的序列，所以这个ICollection<T>优化是无用的。

通常，对于IEnumerable<T>:坚持使用Any();-p

关于Count()方法，如果IEnumerable是一个ICollection，那么我们不能遍历所有的项目，因为我们可以检索ICollection的Count字段，如果IEnumerable不是一个ICollection，我们必须使用一个MoveNext while遍历所有的项目，看看。net框架代码:

public static int Count<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source)
{
    if (source == null) 
        throw Error.ArgumentNull("source");

    ICollection<TSource> collectionoft = source as ICollection<TSource>;
    if (collectionoft != null) 
        return collectionoft.Count;

    ICollection collection = source as ICollection;
    if (collection != null) 
        return collection.Count;

    int count = 0;
    using (IEnumerator<TSource> e = source.GetEnumerator())
    {
        checked
        {
            while (e.MoveNext()) count++;
        }
    }
    return count;
}

参考:可枚举的参考源

注意:我写这个答案时实体框架4是实际的。这个答案的重点并不是要进行琐碎的. any () vs . count()性能测试。重点是要表明EF远非完美。更新的版本更好…但是如果你有部分代码很慢，并且使用EF，请直接使用TSQL测试并比较性能，而不是依赖于假设(. any()总是比. count() > 0快)。

虽然我同意大多数赞成的答案和评论-特别是在这一点上，任何信号开发人员的意图都比Count() > 0 -我有过这样的情况，在SQL Server (EntityFramework 4)上，Count的速度要快一个数量级。

下面是使用Any查询的w超时异常(在~200.000条记录上):

con = db.Contacts.
    Where(a => a.CompanyId == companyId && a.ContactStatusId <= (int) Const.ContactStatusEnum.Reactivated
        && !a.NewsletterLogs.Any(b => b.NewsletterLogTypeId == (int) Const.NewsletterLogTypeEnum.Unsubscr)
    ).OrderBy(a => a.ContactId).
    Skip(position - 1).
    Take(1).FirstOrDefault();

以毫秒为单位执行的计数版本:

con = db.Contacts.
    Where(a => a.CompanyId == companyId && a.ContactStatusId <= (int) Const.ContactStatusEnum.Reactivated
        && a.NewsletterLogs.Count(b => b.NewsletterLogTypeId == (int) Const.NewsletterLogTypeEnum.Unsubscr) == 0
    ).OrderBy(a => a.ContactId).
    Skip(position - 1).
    Take(1).FirstOrDefault();

我需要找到一种方法来查看两个linq产生的确切SQL -但很明显，在某些情况下，Count和Any之间存在巨大的性能差异，不幸的是，似乎您不能在所有情况下都坚持使用Any。

编辑:这里是生成的sql。你可以看到的美;)

ANY:

exec sp_executesql N'SELECT TOP (1) 
[Project2].[ContactId] AS [ContactId], 
[Project2].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId], 
[Project2].[ContactName] AS [ContactName], 
[Project2].[FullName] AS [FullName], 
[Project2].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId], 
[Project2].[Created] AS [Created]
FROM ( SELECT [Project2].[ContactId] AS [ContactId], [Project2].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId], [Project2].[ContactName] AS [ContactName], [Project2].[FullName] AS [FullName], [Project2].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId], [Project2].[Created] AS [Created], row_number() OVER (ORDER BY [Project2].[ContactId] ASC) AS [row_number]
    FROM ( SELECT 
        [Extent1].[ContactId] AS [ContactId], 
        [Extent1].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId], 
        [Extent1].[ContactName] AS [ContactName], 
        [Extent1].[FullName] AS [FullName], 
        [Extent1].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId], 
        [Extent1].[Created] AS [Created]
        FROM [dbo].[Contact] AS [Extent1]
        WHERE ([Extent1].[CompanyId] = @p__linq__0) AND ([Extent1].[ContactStatusId] <= 3) AND ( NOT EXISTS (SELECT 
            1 AS [C1]
            FROM [dbo].[NewsletterLog] AS [Extent2]
            WHERE ([Extent1].[ContactId] = [Extent2].[ContactId]) AND (6 = [Extent2].[NewsletterLogTypeId])
        ))
    )  AS [Project2]
)  AS [Project2]
WHERE [Project2].[row_number] > 99
ORDER BY [Project2].[ContactId] ASC',N'@p__linq__0 int',@p__linq__0=4

数:

exec sp_executesql N'SELECT TOP (1) 
[Project2].[ContactId] AS [ContactId], 
[Project2].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId], 
[Project2].[ContactName] AS [ContactName], 
[Project2].[FullName] AS [FullName], 
[Project2].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId], 
[Project2].[Created] AS [Created]
FROM ( SELECT [Project2].[ContactId] AS [ContactId], [Project2].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId], [Project2].[ContactName] AS [ContactName], [Project2].[FullName] AS [FullName], [Project2].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId], [Project2].[Created] AS [Created], row_number() OVER (ORDER BY [Project2].[ContactId] ASC) AS [row_number]
    FROM ( SELECT 
        [Project1].[ContactId] AS [ContactId], 
        [Project1].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId], 
        [Project1].[ContactName] AS [ContactName], 
        [Project1].[FullName] AS [FullName], 
        [Project1].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId], 
        [Project1].[Created] AS [Created]
        FROM ( SELECT 
            [Extent1].[ContactId] AS [ContactId], 
            [Extent1].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId], 
            [Extent1].[ContactName] AS [ContactName], 
            [Extent1].[FullName] AS [FullName], 
            [Extent1].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId], 
            [Extent1].[Created] AS [Created], 
            (SELECT 
                COUNT(1) AS [A1]
                FROM [dbo].[NewsletterLog] AS [Extent2]
                WHERE ([Extent1].[ContactId] = [Extent2].[ContactId]) AND (6 = [Extent2].[NewsletterLogTypeId])) AS [C1]
            FROM [dbo].[Contact] AS [Extent1]
        )  AS [Project1]
        WHERE ([Project1].[CompanyId] = @p__linq__0) AND ([Project1].[ContactStatusId] <= 3) AND (0 = [Project1].[C1])
    )  AS [Project2]
)  AS [Project2]
WHERE [Project2].[row_number] > 99
ORDER BY [Project2].[ContactId] ASC',N'@p__linq__0 int',@p__linq__0=4

似乎纯粹的Where with EXISTS比计算Count然后用Count == 0执行Where要差得多。

如果你们发现我的发现有错误，请告诉我。不管Any vs Count的讨论如何，我们可以从所有这些中得出的结论是，任何更复杂的LINQ在重写为存储过程时都要好得多。

你可以做一个简单的测试来弄清楚:

var query = //make any query here
var timeCount = new Stopwatch();
timeCount.Start();
if (query.Count > 0)
{
}
timeCount.Stop();
var testCount = timeCount.Elapsed;

var timeAny = new Stopwatch();
timeAny.Start();
if (query.Any())
{
}
timeAny.Stop();
var testAny = timeAny.Elapsed;

检查testCount和testAny的值。

我已经使用IList创建了一个示例应用程序，其中包含100个元素到100万个项目，以查看Count vs Any哪个是最好的。

Code

class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {

        //Creating List of customers
        IList<Customer> customers = new List<Customer>();
        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++)
        {
            Customer customer = new Customer
            {
                CustomerId = i,
                CustomerName = string.Format("Customer{0}", i)
            };
            customers.Add(customer);
        }

        //Measuring time with count
        Stopwatch stopWatch = new Stopwatch();
        stopWatch.Start();
        if (customers.Count > 0)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Customer list is not empty with count");
        }
        stopWatch.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("Time consumed with count: {0}", stopWatch.Elapsed);

        //Measuring time with any
        stopWatch.Restart();
        if (customers.Any())
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Customer list is not empty with any");
        }
        stopWatch.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("Time consumed with count: {0}", stopWatch.Elapsed);
        Console.ReadLine();

    }
}

public class Customer
{
    public int CustomerId { get; set; }
    public string CustomerName { get; set; }
}

结果:

任何都比数好。