在系统中。Linq命名空间，我们现在可以扩展我们的IEnumerable来拥有Any()和Count()扩展方法。
最近有人告诉我，如果我想检查一个集合中是否包含1个或多个项目，我应该使用. any()扩展方法而不是. count() > 0扩展方法，因为. count()扩展方法必须遍历所有项目。
其次，一些集合具有Count或Length属性(而不是扩展方法)。使用这些，而不是.Any()或.Count()会更好吗?
-是的-不?
当前回答
注意:我写这个答案时实体框架4是实际的。这个答案的重点并不是要进行琐碎的. any () vs . count()性能测试。重点是要表明EF远非完美。更新的版本更好…但是如果你有部分代码很慢，并且使用EF，请直接使用TSQL测试并比较性能，而不是依赖于假设(. any()总是比. count() > 0快)。
虽然我同意大多数赞成的答案和评论-特别是在这一点上，任何信号开发人员的意图都比Count() > 0 -我有过这样的情况，在SQL Server (EntityFramework 4)上，Count的速度要快一个数量级。
下面是使用Any查询的w超时异常(在~200.000条记录上):
con = db.Contacts.
Where(a => a.CompanyId == companyId && a.ContactStatusId <= (int) Const.ContactStatusEnum.Reactivated
&& !a.NewsletterLogs.Any(b => b.NewsletterLogTypeId == (int) Const.NewsletterLogTypeEnum.Unsubscr)
).OrderBy(a => a.ContactId).
Skip(position - 1).
Take(1).FirstOrDefault();
以毫秒为单位执行的计数版本:
con = db.Contacts.
Where(a => a.CompanyId == companyId && a.ContactStatusId <= (int) Const.ContactStatusEnum.Reactivated
&& a.NewsletterLogs.Count(b => b.NewsletterLogTypeId == (int) Const.NewsletterLogTypeEnum.Unsubscr) == 0
).OrderBy(a => a.ContactId).
Skip(position - 1).
Take(1).FirstOrDefault();
我需要找到一种方法来查看两个linq产生的确切SQL -但很明显，在某些情况下，Count和Any之间存在巨大的性能差异，不幸的是，似乎您不能在所有情况下都坚持使用Any。
编辑:这里是生成的sql。你可以看到的美;)
ANY:
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT TOP (1)
[Project2].[ContactId] AS [ContactId],
[Project2].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId],
[Project2].[ContactName] AS [ContactName],
[Project2].[FullName] AS [FullName],
[Project2].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId],
[Project2].[Created] AS [Created]
FROM ( SELECT [Project2].[ContactId] AS [ContactId], [Project2].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId], [Project2].[ContactName] AS [ContactName], [Project2].[FullName] AS [FullName], [Project2].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId], [Project2].[Created] AS [Created], row_number() OVER (ORDER BY [Project2].[ContactId] ASC) AS [row_number]
FROM ( SELECT
[Extent1].[ContactId] AS [ContactId],
[Extent1].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId],
[Extent1].[ContactName] AS [ContactName],
[Extent1].[FullName] AS [FullName],
[Extent1].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId],
[Extent1].[Created] AS [Created]
FROM [dbo].[Contact] AS [Extent1]
WHERE ([Extent1].[CompanyId] = @p__linq__0) AND ([Extent1].[ContactStatusId] <= 3) AND ( NOT EXISTS (SELECT
1 AS [C1]
FROM [dbo].[NewsletterLog] AS [Extent2]
WHERE ([Extent1].[ContactId] = [Extent2].[ContactId]) AND (6 = [Extent2].[NewsletterLogTypeId])
))
) AS [Project2]
) AS [Project2]
WHERE [Project2].[row_number] > 99
ORDER BY [Project2].[ContactId] ASC',N'@p__linq__0 int',@p__linq__0=4
数:
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT TOP (1)
[Project2].[ContactId] AS [ContactId],
[Project2].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId],
[Project2].[ContactName] AS [ContactName],
[Project2].[FullName] AS [FullName],
[Project2].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId],
[Project2].[Created] AS [Created]
FROM ( SELECT [Project2].[ContactId] AS [ContactId], [Project2].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId], [Project2].[ContactName] AS [ContactName], [Project2].[FullName] AS [FullName], [Project2].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId], [Project2].[Created] AS [Created], row_number() OVER (ORDER BY [Project2].[ContactId] ASC) AS [row_number]
FROM ( SELECT
[Project1].[ContactId] AS [ContactId],
[Project1].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId],
[Project1].[ContactName] AS [ContactName],
[Project1].[FullName] AS [FullName],
[Project1].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId],
[Project1].[Created] AS [Created]
FROM ( SELECT
[Extent1].[ContactId] AS [ContactId],
[Extent1].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId],
[Extent1].[ContactName] AS [ContactName],
[Extent1].[FullName] AS [FullName],
[Extent1].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId],
[Extent1].[Created] AS [Created],
(SELECT
COUNT(1) AS [A1]
FROM [dbo].[NewsletterLog] AS [Extent2]
WHERE ([Extent1].[ContactId] = [Extent2].[ContactId]) AND (6 = [Extent2].[NewsletterLogTypeId])) AS [C1]
FROM [dbo].[Contact] AS [Extent1]
) AS [Project1]
WHERE ([Project1].[CompanyId] = @p__linq__0) AND ([Project1].[ContactStatusId] <= 3) AND (0 = [Project1].[C1])
) AS [Project2]
) AS [Project2]
WHERE [Project2].[row_number] > 99
ORDER BY [Project2].[ContactId] ASC',N'@p__linq__0 int',@p__linq__0=4
似乎纯粹的Where with EXISTS比计算Count然后用Count == 0执行Where要差得多。
如果你们发现我的发现有错误，请告诉我。不管Any vs Count的讨论如何，我们可以从所有这些中得出的结论是，任何更复杂的LINQ在重写为存储过程时都要好得多。
其他回答
如果您正在使用实体框架，并且有一个包含许多记录的巨大表，Any()将会更快。我记得有一次，我想检查一个有数百万行的表是否为空。Count() > 0完成耗时20-30秒。Any()是即时的。
Any()可以提高性能，因为它可能不必迭代集合来获得事物的数量。只要击中其中一个就行。或者，对于LINQ-to-Entities，生成的SQL将是IF EXISTS(…)而不是SELECT COUNT…甚至选择* ....
如果您从具有. length或. count的东西开始(例如ICollection<T>， IList<T>， List<T>，等等)，那么这将是最快的选项，因为它不需要通过Any()所要求的GetEnumerator()/MoveNext()/Dispose()序列来检查非空IEnumerable<T>序列。
对于IEnumerable<T>，则Any()通常会更快，因为它只需要查看一次迭代。但是，请注意Count()的LINQ-to-Objects实现确实检查ICollection<T>(使用.Count作为优化)-因此，如果您的底层数据源直接是一个列表/集合，则不会有很大的区别。不要问我为什么不使用非泛型的ICollection…
当然，如果你已经使用LINQ来过滤它(Where等)，你将有一个基于迭代器块的序列，所以这个ICollection<T>优化是无用的。
通常，对于IEnumerable<T>:坚持使用Any();-p
关于Count()方法，如果IEnumerable是一个ICollection，那么我们不能遍历所有的项目，因为我们可以检索ICollection的Count字段，如果IEnumerable不是一个ICollection，我们必须使用一个MoveNext while遍历所有的项目，看看。net框架代码:
public static int Count<TSource>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source)
{
if (source == null)
throw Error.ArgumentNull("source");
ICollection<TSource> collectionoft = source as ICollection<TSource>;
if (collectionoft != null)
return collectionoft.Count;
ICollection collection = source as ICollection;
if (collection != null)
return collection.Count;
int count = 0;
using (IEnumerator<TSource> e = source.GetEnumerator())
{
checked
{
while (e.MoveNext()) count++;
}
}
return count;
}
参考:可枚举的参考源
注意:我写这个答案时实体框架4是实际的。这个答案的重点并不是要进行琐碎的. any () vs . count()性能测试。重点是要表明EF远非完美。更新的版本更好…但是如果你有部分代码很慢，并且使用EF，请直接使用TSQL测试并比较性能，而不是依赖于假设(. any()总是比. count() > 0快)。
虽然我同意大多数赞成的答案和评论-特别是在这一点上，任何信号开发人员的意图都比Count() > 0 -我有过这样的情况，在SQL Server (EntityFramework 4)上，Count的速度要快一个数量级。
下面是使用Any查询的w超时异常(在~200.000条记录上):
con = db.Contacts.
Where(a => a.CompanyId == companyId && a.ContactStatusId <= (int) Const.ContactStatusEnum.Reactivated
&& !a.NewsletterLogs.Any(b => b.NewsletterLogTypeId == (int) Const.NewsletterLogTypeEnum.Unsubscr)
).OrderBy(a => a.ContactId).
Skip(position - 1).
Take(1).FirstOrDefault();
以毫秒为单位执行的计数版本:
con = db.Contacts.
Where(a => a.CompanyId == companyId && a.ContactStatusId <= (int) Const.ContactStatusEnum.Reactivated
&& a.NewsletterLogs.Count(b => b.NewsletterLogTypeId == (int) Const.NewsletterLogTypeEnum.Unsubscr) == 0
).OrderBy(a => a.ContactId).
Skip(position - 1).
Take(1).FirstOrDefault();
我需要找到一种方法来查看两个linq产生的确切SQL -但很明显，在某些情况下，Count和Any之间存在巨大的性能差异，不幸的是，似乎您不能在所有情况下都坚持使用Any。
编辑:这里是生成的sql。你可以看到的美;)
ANY:
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT TOP (1)
[Project2].[ContactId] AS [ContactId],
[Project2].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId],
[Project2].[ContactName] AS [ContactName],
[Project2].[FullName] AS [FullName],
[Project2].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId],
[Project2].[Created] AS [Created]
FROM ( SELECT [Project2].[ContactId] AS [ContactId], [Project2].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId], [Project2].[ContactName] AS [ContactName], [Project2].[FullName] AS [FullName], [Project2].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId], [Project2].[Created] AS [Created], row_number() OVER (ORDER BY [Project2].[ContactId] ASC) AS [row_number]
FROM ( SELECT
[Extent1].[ContactId] AS [ContactId],
[Extent1].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId],
[Extent1].[ContactName] AS [ContactName],
[Extent1].[FullName] AS [FullName],
[Extent1].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId],
[Extent1].[Created] AS [Created]
FROM [dbo].[Contact] AS [Extent1]
WHERE ([Extent1].[CompanyId] = @p__linq__0) AND ([Extent1].[ContactStatusId] <= 3) AND ( NOT EXISTS (SELECT
1 AS [C1]
FROM [dbo].[NewsletterLog] AS [Extent2]
WHERE ([Extent1].[ContactId] = [Extent2].[ContactId]) AND (6 = [Extent2].[NewsletterLogTypeId])
))
) AS [Project2]
) AS [Project2]
WHERE [Project2].[row_number] > 99
ORDER BY [Project2].[ContactId] ASC',N'@p__linq__0 int',@p__linq__0=4
数:
exec sp_executesql N'SELECT TOP (1)
[Project2].[ContactId] AS [ContactId],
[Project2].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId],
[Project2].[ContactName] AS [ContactName],
[Project2].[FullName] AS [FullName],
[Project2].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId],
[Project2].[Created] AS [Created]
FROM ( SELECT [Project2].[ContactId] AS [ContactId], [Project2].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId], [Project2].[ContactName] AS [ContactName], [Project2].[FullName] AS [FullName], [Project2].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId], [Project2].[Created] AS [Created], row_number() OVER (ORDER BY [Project2].[ContactId] ASC) AS [row_number]
FROM ( SELECT
[Project1].[ContactId] AS [ContactId],
[Project1].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId],
[Project1].[ContactName] AS [ContactName],
[Project1].[FullName] AS [FullName],
[Project1].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId],
[Project1].[Created] AS [Created]
FROM ( SELECT
[Extent1].[ContactId] AS [ContactId],
[Extent1].[CompanyId] AS [CompanyId],
[Extent1].[ContactName] AS [ContactName],
[Extent1].[FullName] AS [FullName],
[Extent1].[ContactStatusId] AS [ContactStatusId],
[Extent1].[Created] AS [Created],
(SELECT
COUNT(1) AS [A1]
FROM [dbo].[NewsletterLog] AS [Extent2]
WHERE ([Extent1].[ContactId] = [Extent2].[ContactId]) AND (6 = [Extent2].[NewsletterLogTypeId])) AS [C1]
FROM [dbo].[Contact] AS [Extent1]
) AS [Project1]
WHERE ([Project1].[CompanyId] = @p__linq__0) AND ([Project1].[ContactStatusId] <= 3) AND (0 = [Project1].[C1])
) AS [Project2]
) AS [Project2]
WHERE [Project2].[row_number] > 99
ORDER BY [Project2].[ContactId] ASC',N'@p__linq__0 int',@p__linq__0=4
似乎纯粹的Where with EXISTS比计算Count然后用Count == 0执行Where要差得多。
如果你们发现我的发现有错误，请告诉我。不管Any vs Count的讨论如何，我们可以从所有这些中得出的结论是，任何更复杂的LINQ在重写为存储过程时都要好得多。
你可以做一个简单的测试来弄清楚:
var query = //make any query here
var timeCount = new Stopwatch();
timeCount.Start();
if (query.Count > 0)
{
}
timeCount.Stop();
var testCount = timeCount.Elapsed;
var timeAny = new Stopwatch();
timeAny.Start();
if (query.Any())
{
}
timeAny.Stop();
var testAny = timeAny.Elapsed;
检查testCount和testAny的值。
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