我有一个类，它看起来像这样:
public class Field
{
public string FieldName;
public string FieldType;
}
和一个对象列表<字段>值:
{"EmployeeID","int"},
{"EmployeeName","String"},
{"Designation","String"}
我想创建一个类，看起来像这样:
Class DynamicClass
{
int EmployeeID,
String EmployeeName,
String Designation
}
有什么办法可以做到吗?
我希望它在运行时生成。我不希望在文件系统中驻留一个物理CS文件。
当前回答
正如Hans所建议的，您可以使用Roslyn动态创建类。
完整的资料来源:
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
namespace RoslynDemo1
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var fields = new List<Field>()
{
new Field("EmployeeID","int"),
new Field("EmployeeName","String"),
new Field("Designation","String")
};
var employeeClass = CreateClass(fields, "Employee");
dynamic employee1 = Activator.CreateInstance(employeeClass);
employee1.EmployeeID = 4213;
employee1.EmployeeName = "Wendy Tailor";
employee1.Designation = "Engineering Manager";
dynamic employee2 = Activator.CreateInstance(employeeClass);
employee2.EmployeeID = 3510;
employee2.EmployeeName = "John Gibson";
employee2.Designation = "Software Engineer";
Console.WriteLine($"{employee1.EmployeeName}");
Console.WriteLine($"{employee2.EmployeeName}");
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to continue...");
Console.ReadKey();
}
public static Type CreateClass(List<Field> fields, string newClassName, string newNamespace = "Magic")
{
var fieldsCode = fields
.Select(field => $"public {field.FieldType} {field.FieldName};")
.ToString(Environment.NewLine);
var classCode = $@"
using System;
namespace {newNamespace}
{{
public class {newClassName}
{{
public {newClassName}()
{{
}}
{fieldsCode}
}}
}}
".Trim();
classCode = FormatUsingRoslyn(classCode);
var assemblies = new[]
{
MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(typeof(object).Assembly.Location),
};
/*
var assemblies = AppDomain
.CurrentDomain
.GetAssemblies()
.Where(a => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(a.Location))
.Select(a => MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(a.Location))
.ToArray();
*/
var syntaxTree = CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(classCode);
var compilation = CSharpCompilation
.Create(newNamespace)
.AddSyntaxTrees(syntaxTree)
.AddReferences(assemblies)
.WithOptions(new CSharpCompilationOptions(OutputKind.DynamicallyLinkedLibrary));
using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
{
var result = compilation.Emit(ms);
//compilation.Emit($"C:\\Temp\\{newNamespace}.dll");
if (result.Success)
{
ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
Assembly assembly = Assembly.Load(ms.ToArray());
var newTypeFullName = $"{newNamespace}.{newClassName}";
var type = assembly.GetType(newTypeFullName);
return type;
}
else
{
IEnumerable<Diagnostic> failures = result.Diagnostics.Where(diagnostic =>
diagnostic.IsWarningAsError ||
diagnostic.Severity == DiagnosticSeverity.Error);
foreach (Diagnostic diagnostic in failures)
{
Console.Error.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", diagnostic.Id, diagnostic.GetMessage());
}
return null;
}
}
}
public static string FormatUsingRoslyn(string csCode)
{
var tree = CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(csCode);
var root = tree.GetRoot().NormalizeWhitespace();
var result = root.ToFullString();
return result;
}
}
public class Field
{
public string FieldName;
public string FieldType;
public Field(string fieldName, string fieldType)
{
FieldName = fieldName;
FieldType = fieldType;
}
}
public static class Extensions
{
public static string ToString(this IEnumerable<string> list, string separator)
{
string result = string.Join(separator, list);
return result;
}
}
}
其他回答
运行时代码生成与JVM和CLR - 彼得Sestoft
为真正对这类编程感兴趣的人工作。
我给你的建议是，如果你声明了一些东西，尽量避免字符串，所以如果你有类Field，最好使用类System。类型来存储字段类型而不是字符串。 为了最好的解决方案，而不是创建新的类，尝试使用那些已经创建的FiledInfo，而不是创建新的。
根据@danijels的回答，在VB中动态创建一个类。NET:
Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Reflection.Emit
Public Class ObjectBuilder
Public Property myType As Object
Public Property myObject As Object
Public Sub New(fields As List(Of Field))
myType = CompileResultType(fields)
myObject = Activator.CreateInstance(myType)
End Sub
Public Shared Function CompileResultType(fields As List(Of Field)) As Type
Dim tb As TypeBuilder = GetTypeBuilder()
Dim constructor As ConstructorBuilder = tb.DefineDefaultConstructor(MethodAttributes.[Public] Or MethodAttributes.SpecialName Or MethodAttributes.RTSpecialName)
For Each field In fields
CreateProperty(tb, field.Name, field.Type)
Next
Dim objectType As Type = tb.CreateType()
Return objectType
End Function
Private Shared Function GetTypeBuilder() As TypeBuilder
Dim typeSignature = "MyDynamicType"
Dim an = New AssemblyName(typeSignature)
Dim assemblyBuilder As AssemblyBuilder = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(an, AssemblyBuilderAccess.Run)
Dim moduleBuilder As ModuleBuilder = assemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicModule("MainModule")
Dim tb As TypeBuilder = moduleBuilder.DefineType(typeSignature, TypeAttributes.[Public] Or TypeAttributes.[Class] Or TypeAttributes.AutoClass Or TypeAttributes.AnsiClass Or TypeAttributes.BeforeFieldInit Or TypeAttributes.AutoLayout, Nothing)
Return tb
End Function
Private Shared Sub CreateProperty(tb As TypeBuilder, propertyName As String, propertyType As Type)
Dim fieldBuilder As FieldBuilder = tb.DefineField("_" & propertyName, propertyType, FieldAttributes.[Private])
Dim propertyBuilder As PropertyBuilder = tb.DefineProperty(propertyName, PropertyAttributes.HasDefault, propertyType, Nothing)
Dim getPropMthdBldr As MethodBuilder = tb.DefineMethod("get_" & propertyName, MethodAttributes.[Public] Or MethodAttributes.SpecialName Or MethodAttributes.HideBySig, propertyType, Type.EmptyTypes)
Dim getIl As ILGenerator = getPropMthdBldr.GetILGenerator()
getIl.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0)
getIl.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, fieldBuilder)
getIl.Emit(OpCodes.Ret)
Dim setPropMthdBldr As MethodBuilder = tb.DefineMethod("set_" & propertyName, MethodAttributes.[Public] Or MethodAttributes.SpecialName Or MethodAttributes.HideBySig, Nothing, {propertyType})
Dim setIl As ILGenerator = setPropMthdBldr.GetILGenerator()
Dim modifyProperty As Label = setIl.DefineLabel()
Dim exitSet As Label = setIl.DefineLabel()
setIl.MarkLabel(modifyProperty)
setIl.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0)
setIl.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1)
setIl.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fieldBuilder)
setIl.Emit(OpCodes.Nop)
setIl.MarkLabel(exitSet)
setIl.Emit(OpCodes.Ret)
propertyBuilder.SetGetMethod(getPropMthdBldr)
propertyBuilder.SetSetMethod(setPropMthdBldr)
End Sub
End Class
正如Hans所建议的，您可以使用Roslyn动态创建类。
完整的资料来源:
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
namespace RoslynDemo1
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var fields = new List<Field>()
{
new Field("EmployeeID","int"),
new Field("EmployeeName","String"),
new Field("Designation","String")
};
var employeeClass = CreateClass(fields, "Employee");
dynamic employee1 = Activator.CreateInstance(employeeClass);
employee1.EmployeeID = 4213;
employee1.EmployeeName = "Wendy Tailor";
employee1.Designation = "Engineering Manager";
dynamic employee2 = Activator.CreateInstance(employeeClass);
employee2.EmployeeID = 3510;
employee2.EmployeeName = "John Gibson";
employee2.Designation = "Software Engineer";
Console.WriteLine($"{employee1.EmployeeName}");
Console.WriteLine($"{employee2.EmployeeName}");
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to continue...");
Console.ReadKey();
}
public static Type CreateClass(List<Field> fields, string newClassName, string newNamespace = "Magic")
{
var fieldsCode = fields
.Select(field => $"public {field.FieldType} {field.FieldName};")
.ToString(Environment.NewLine);
var classCode = $@"
using System;
namespace {newNamespace}
{{
public class {newClassName}
{{
public {newClassName}()
{{
}}
{fieldsCode}
}}
}}
".Trim();
classCode = FormatUsingRoslyn(classCode);
var assemblies = new[]
{
MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(typeof(object).Assembly.Location),
};
/*
var assemblies = AppDomain
.CurrentDomain
.GetAssemblies()
.Where(a => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(a.Location))
.Select(a => MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(a.Location))
.ToArray();
*/
var syntaxTree = CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(classCode);
var compilation = CSharpCompilation
.Create(newNamespace)
.AddSyntaxTrees(syntaxTree)
.AddReferences(assemblies)
.WithOptions(new CSharpCompilationOptions(OutputKind.DynamicallyLinkedLibrary));
using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
{
var result = compilation.Emit(ms);
//compilation.Emit($"C:\\Temp\\{newNamespace}.dll");
if (result.Success)
{
ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
Assembly assembly = Assembly.Load(ms.ToArray());
var newTypeFullName = $"{newNamespace}.{newClassName}";
var type = assembly.GetType(newTypeFullName);
return type;
}
else
{
IEnumerable<Diagnostic> failures = result.Diagnostics.Where(diagnostic =>
diagnostic.IsWarningAsError ||
diagnostic.Severity == DiagnosticSeverity.Error);
foreach (Diagnostic diagnostic in failures)
{
Console.Error.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", diagnostic.Id, diagnostic.GetMessage());
}
return null;
}
}
}
public static string FormatUsingRoslyn(string csCode)
{
var tree = CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(csCode);
var root = tree.GetRoot().NormalizeWhitespace();
var result = root.ToFullString();
return result;
}
}
public class Field
{
public string FieldName;
public string FieldType;
public Field(string fieldName, string fieldType)
{
FieldName = fieldName;
FieldType = fieldType;
}
}
public static class Extensions
{
public static string ToString(this IEnumerable<string> list, string separator)
{
string result = string.Join(separator, list);
return result;
}
}
}
我不知道这种动态类的预期用途，代码生成和运行时编译是可以完成的，但需要一些努力。 也许匿名类型会帮助你，比如:
var v = new { EmployeeID = 108, EmployeeName = "John Doe" };
对于那些想要创建一个动态类的属性(即POCO)，并创建这个类的列表。使用后面提供的代码，这将创建一个动态类，并创建一个该类的列表。
var properties = new List<DynamicTypeProperty>()
{
new DynamicTypeProperty("doubleProperty", typeof(double)),
new DynamicTypeProperty("stringProperty", typeof(string))
};
// create the new type
var dynamicType = DynamicType.CreateDynamicType(properties);
// create a list of the new type
var dynamicList = DynamicType.CreateDynamicList(dynamicType);
// get an action that will add to the list
var addAction = DynamicType.GetAddAction(dynamicList);
// call the action, with an object[] containing parameters in exact order added
addAction.Invoke(new object[] {1.1, "item1"});
addAction.Invoke(new object[] {2.1, "item2"});
addAction.Invoke(new object[] {3.1, "item3"});
下面是前面代码使用的类。
注意:你还需要引用Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp库。
/// <summary>
/// A property name, and type used to generate a property in the dynamic class.
/// </summary>
public class DynamicTypeProperty
{
public DynamicTypeProperty(string name, Type type)
{
Name = name;
Type = type;
}
public string Name { get; set; }
public Type Type { get; set; }
}
public static class DynamicType
{
/// <summary>
/// Creates a list of the specified type
/// </summary>
/// <param name="type"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IEnumerable<object> CreateDynamicList(Type type)
{
var listType = typeof(List<>);
var dynamicListType = listType.MakeGenericType(type);
return (IEnumerable<object>) Activator.CreateInstance(dynamicListType);
}
/// <summary>
/// creates an action which can be used to add items to the list
/// </summary>
/// <param name="listType"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Action<object[]> GetAddAction(IEnumerable<object> list)
{
var listType = list.GetType();
var addMethod = listType.GetMethod("Add");
var itemType = listType.GenericTypeArguments[0];
var itemProperties = itemType.GetProperties();
var action = new Action<object[]>((values) =>
{
var item = Activator.CreateInstance(itemType);
for(var i = 0; i < values.Length; i++)
{
itemProperties[i].SetValue(item, values[i]);
}
addMethod.Invoke(list, new []{item});
});
return action;
}
/// <summary>
/// Creates a type based on the property/type values specified in the properties
/// </summary>
/// <param name="properties"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
/// <exception cref="Exception"></exception>
public static Type CreateDynamicType(IEnumerable<DynamicTypeProperty> properties)
{
StringBuilder classCode = new StringBuilder();
// Generate the class code
classCode.AppendLine("using System;");
classCode.AppendLine("namespace Dexih {");
classCode.AppendLine("public class DynamicClass {");
foreach (var property in properties)
{
classCode.AppendLine($"public {property.Type.Name} {property.Name} {{get; set; }}");
}
classCode.AppendLine("}");
classCode.AppendLine("}");
var syntaxTree = CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(classCode.ToString());
var references = new MetadataReference[]
{
MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(typeof(object).GetTypeInfo().Assembly.Location),
MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(typeof(DictionaryBase).GetTypeInfo().Assembly.Location)
};
var compilation = CSharpCompilation.Create("DynamicClass" + Guid.NewGuid() + ".dll",
syntaxTrees: new[] {syntaxTree},
references: references,
options: new CSharpCompilationOptions(OutputKind.DynamicallyLinkedLibrary));
using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
{
var result = compilation.Emit(ms);
if (!result.Success)
{
var failures = result.Diagnostics.Where(diagnostic =>
diagnostic.IsWarningAsError ||
diagnostic.Severity == DiagnosticSeverity.Error);
var message = new StringBuilder();
foreach (var diagnostic in failures)
{
message.AppendFormat("{0}: {1}", diagnostic.Id, diagnostic.GetMessage());
}
throw new Exception($"Invalid property definition: {message}.");
}
else
{
ms.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
var assembly = System.Runtime.Loader.AssemblyLoadContext.Default.LoadFromStream(ms);
var dynamicType = assembly.GetType("Dexih.DynamicClass");
return dynamicType;
}
}
}
}
