您可以使用psql斜杠命令执行此操作：

 \d myTable describe table

它也适用于其他对象：

 \d myView describe view
 \d myIndex describe index
 \d mySequence describe sequence

来源：faqs.org

您可以使用此选项：

SELECT attname 
FROM pg_attribute,pg_class 
WHERE attrelid=pg_class.oid 
AND relname='TableName' 
AND attstattarget <>0; 

使用以下SQL语句

SELECT DATA_TYPE 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
WHERE table_name = 'tbl_name' 
AND COLUMN_NAME = 'col_name'

若替换tbl_name和col_name，它将显示您要查找的特定列的数据类型。

为了改进另一个答案的SQL查询（这太棒了！），这里有一个经过修改的查询。它还包括约束名称、继承信息和数据类型，这些数据类型被划分为其组成部分（类型、长度、精度、比例）。它还过滤掉已删除的列（这些列仍然存在于数据库中）。

SELECT
    n.nspname as schema,
    c.relname as table,
    f.attname as column,  
    f.attnum as column_id,  
    f.attnotnull as not_null,
    f.attislocal not_inherited,
    f.attinhcount inheritance_count,
    pg_catalog.format_type(f.atttypid,f.atttypmod) AS data_type_full,
    t.typname AS data_type_name,
    CASE  
        WHEN f.atttypmod >= 0 AND t.typname <> 'numeric'THEN (f.atttypmod - 4) --first 4 bytes are for storing actual length of data
    END AS data_type_length, 
    CASE  
        WHEN t.typname = 'numeric' THEN (((f.atttypmod - 4) >> 16) & 65535)
    END AS numeric_precision,   
    CASE  
        WHEN t.typname = 'numeric' THEN ((f.atttypmod - 4)& 65535 )
    END AS numeric_scale,       
    CASE  
        WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN 't'  
        ELSE 'f'  
    END AS is_primary_key,  
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN p.conname
    END AS primary_key_name,
    CASE  
        WHEN p.contype = 'u' THEN 't'  
        ELSE 'f'
    END AS is_unique_key,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'u' THEN p.conname
    END AS unique_key_name,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN 't'
        ELSE 'f'
    END AS is_foreign_key,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.conname
    END AS foreignkey_name,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.confkey
    END AS foreign_key_columnid,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN g.relname
    END AS foreign_key_table,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.conkey
    END AS foreign_key_local_column_id,
    CASE
        WHEN f.atthasdef = 't' THEN d.adsrc
    END AS default_value
FROM pg_attribute f  
    JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = f.attrelid  
    JOIN pg_type t ON t.oid = f.atttypid  
    LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d ON d.adrelid = c.oid AND d.adnum = f.attnum  
    LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace  
    LEFT JOIN pg_constraint p ON p.conrelid = c.oid AND f.attnum = ANY (p.conkey)  
    LEFT JOIN pg_class AS g ON p.confrelid = g.oid  
WHERE c.relkind = 'r'::char  
    AND f.attisdropped = false
    AND n.nspname = '%s'  -- Replace with Schema name  
    AND c.relname = '%s'  -- Replace with table name  
    AND f.attnum > 0 
ORDER BY f.attnum
;

描述表的最佳方式，如列、类型、列的修饰符等。

\d+ tablename or \d tablename

这个问题的变体（如其他答案中所解释的）对我很有用。

SELECT
 COLUMN_NAME
FROM
 information_schema.COLUMNS
WHERE
 TABLE_NAME = 'city';

详细描述如下：http://www.postgresqltutorial.com/postgresql-describe-table/