如何使用psql命令在PostgreSQL中执行Oracle的DESCRIBE TABLE?


当前回答

描述表的最佳方式,如列、类型、列的修饰符等。

\d+ tablename or \d tablename

其他回答

我为get表模式编写了以下脚本。

'CREATE TABLE ' || 'yourschema.yourtable' || E'\n(\n' ||
array_to_string(
array_agg(
'    ' || column_expr
)
, E',\n'
) || E'\n);\n'
from
(
SELECT '    ' || column_name || ' ' || data_type || 
coalesce('(' || character_maximum_length || ')', '') || 
case when is_nullable = 'YES' then ' NULL' else ' NOT NULL' end as column_expr
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_schema || '.' || table_name = 'yourschema.yourtable'
ORDER BY ordinal_position
) column_list;

使用以下SQL语句

SELECT DATA_TYPE 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
WHERE table_name = 'tbl_name' 
AND COLUMN_NAME = 'col_name'

若替换tbl_name和col_name,它将显示您要查找的特定列的数据类型。

如果您想从查询而不是psql获取它,可以查询目录模式。下面是一个复杂的查询,它可以做到这一点:

SELECT  
    f.attnum AS number,  
    f.attname AS name,  
    f.attnum,  
    f.attnotnull AS notnull,  
    pg_catalog.format_type(f.atttypid,f.atttypmod) AS type,  
    CASE  
        WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN 't'  
        ELSE 'f'  
    END AS primarykey,  
    CASE  
        WHEN p.contype = 'u' THEN 't'  
        ELSE 'f'
    END AS uniquekey,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN g.relname
    END AS foreignkey,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.confkey
    END AS foreignkey_fieldnum,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN g.relname
    END AS foreignkey,
    CASE
        WHEN p.contype = 'f' THEN p.conkey
    END AS foreignkey_connnum,
    CASE
        WHEN f.atthasdef = 't' THEN d.adsrc
    END AS default
FROM pg_attribute f  
    JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = f.attrelid  
    JOIN pg_type t ON t.oid = f.atttypid  
    LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d ON d.adrelid = c.oid AND d.adnum = f.attnum  
    LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace  
    LEFT JOIN pg_constraint p ON p.conrelid = c.oid AND f.attnum = ANY (p.conkey)  
    LEFT JOIN pg_class AS g ON p.confrelid = g.oid  
WHERE c.relkind = 'r'::char  
    AND n.nspname = '%s'  -- Replace with Schema name  
    AND c.relname = '%s'  -- Replace with table name  
    AND f.attnum > 0 ORDER BY number
;

它非常复杂,但它确实向您展示了PostgreSQL系统目录的强大和灵活性,并将帮助您掌握pg_catalog;-)。请确保更改查询中的%s。第一个是Schema,第二个是表名。

下面的命令可以简单地描述多个表

\dt <table> <table>

下面的命令可以详细描述多个表:

\d <table> <table>

下面的命令可以更详细地描述多个表:

\d+ <table> <table>

当表名以大写字母开头时,应将表名放在引号中。

示例:\d“用户”