剧本

#!/bin/bash

# Commands found in the hash table are checked for existence before being
# executed and non-existence forces a normal PATH search.
shopt -s checkhash

function exists() {
 local mycomm=$1; shift || return 1

 hash $mycomm 2>/dev/null || \
 printf "\xe2\x9c\x98 [ABRT]: $mycomm: command does not exist\n"; return 1;
}
readonly -f exists

exists notacmd
exists bash
hash
bash -c 'printf "Fin.\n"'

后果

✘ [ABRT]: notacmd: command does not exist
hits    command
   0    /usr/bin/bash
Fin.

hash foo 2>/dev/null:适用于Zshell（Zsh）、Bash、Dash和ash。

type-p foo：它似乎可以使用Z shell、Bash和ash（BusyBox），但不能使用Dash（它将-p解释为一个参数）。

命令-vfoo：适用于Z shell、Bash、Dash，但不适用于ash（BusyBox）（-ash:command:not found）。

还要注意，内置的ash和Dash不可用。

哈希变量有一个陷阱：例如，可以在命令行中键入

one_folder/process

以执行进程。为此，one_folder的父文件夹必须位于$PATH中。但当您尝试散列此命令时，它总是会成功：

hash one_folder/process; echo $? # will always output '0'

#!/bin/bash
a=${apt-cache show program}
if [[ $a == 0 ]]
then
echo "the program doesn't exist"
else
echo "the program exists"
fi

#程序不是字面意思，您可以将其更改为要检查的程序名称

which命令可能有用。男子谁

如果找到可执行文件，则返回0；如果找不到或不可执行，则返回1：

NAME

       which - locate a command

SYNOPSIS

       which [-a] filename ...

DESCRIPTION

       which returns the pathnames of the files which would
       be executed in the current environment, had its
       arguments been given as commands in a strictly
       POSIX-conformant shell. It does this by searching
       the PATH for executable files matching the names
       of the arguments.

OPTIONS

       -a     print all matching pathnames of each argument

EXIT STATUS

       0      if all specified commands are 
              found and executable

       1      if one or more specified commands is nonexistent
              or not executable

       2      if an invalid option is specified

这样做的好处是，它可以确定可执行文件在运行环境中是否可用-这节省了一些问题。。。

如果你想检查一个程序是否存在，是否真的是一个程序，而不是Bash内置命令，那么命令、类型和散列不适合测试，因为它们都会返回内置命令的0退出状态。

例如，时间程序提供了比时间内置命令更多的功能。要检查程序是否存在，我建议使用以下示例中的哪个：

# First check if the time program exists
timeProg=`which time`
if [ "$timeProg" = "" ]
then
  echo "The time program does not exist on this system."
  exit 1
fi

# Invoke the time program
$timeProg --quiet -o result.txt -f "%S %U + p" du -sk ~
echo "Total CPU time: `dc -f result.txt` seconds"
rm result.txt